Determination of the optimal timing and number of ridgings to control ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in organically produced soyabean Maryse Leblanc.

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Presentation transcript:

Determination of the optimal timing and number of ridgings to control ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in organically produced soyabean Maryse Leblanc Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada Daniel Cloutier, Pierre-Antoine Gil bert EWRS 9 th Workshop : Physical and Cultural Weed Control Samsun, Turkey

QUÉBEC (7,7 million) Francophones CANADA (33,7 million) Saint - Hyacinthe

Outline Introduction -biology -problematic Objectives Methodology -modification of the inter-row weeder Experimental results Conclusion

Introduction COMMON RAGWEED Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Annual dicotyledonous Pubescent, 1.5 m high Monoecious (having separate male flowers and female flowers on the same plant) Indigenous in Canada 3000 seeds/plant Some seeds remain viable for 40 years (usually years)

Problematic Cause respiratory allergies that affect 10-15% of the population

Problematic A few plants on row escape cultivations and: Continue to grow Become higher than soyabean Flower and produce pollen = allergies Produce viable seeds which fall down on soil and increase weed seed bank Make harvesting difficult and decrease seed quality Stain soyabean seeds because ragweed plants are still green at harvest time

Objectives Determine the effect of ridging on ragweed control and soyabean yield Determine the optimal timing to build the ridge Determine the effect of ridging once compared with ridging two, three or four times

Methodology Soil type: Clay loam Preceding crop: Soyabean Fertilization:None Soyabean variety:S10-B7 Seeding date: 2009: 20/5, 2010: 18/5 Seeding rate: seeds/ha Seeding depth: 3,8 cm Row spacing:0,76 cm

Methodology Controls: - Weedy check - Hand weeded check Conventional cultivation (except controls) : Plots cultivated 3 x: flex-tine harrowings - 1 inter-row cultivation

Flex-tine harrow → 2-3 times Speed: 6 km/h Dates: June 5 (cotyledons)May 27 (unifoliate) June 14,18 (unifoliate)June 8 (1 st trifoliate) Hatzenbichler

Inter-row weeder with S-tines→ 1 x Speed: 7 km/h Dates: June 22 (1 st trifoliate)June 15 (2 nd trifoliate) Vicon RT 2100

2010: With harrow discs mounted to pull soil away from the row 18 cm 30 cm Diameter: 28 cm

Harrow discs effect on soil 7,5 cm 19 cm 10 cm

Field after an inter-row cultivation with harrow discs

Methodology Ridging: - 1 to 4 inter-row cultivations with hilling discs - at 1, 2, 3 and/or 4 WALC (weeks after the last cultivation)

Inter-row cultivator with hilling discs Diameter: 33 cm Added weight: 5 x 37,5 kg RidgingSpeed er 3,02/7 (4 th trif.)22/6 (4 th trif.) 2 e 5,810/7 (5 th trif.)3/7 (6 th trif.) 3 e 5,820/7 (17 th trif.)7/7 (1 st side shoot) 4 e 5,823/7 (18 th trif.)15/7 (6 th side shoot)

1 st : 21,6 cm 2, 3, 4 th : 26,7 cm 1 st : 45 cm 2, 3, 4 th : 50 cm 12 cm 2010: discs staggered 2009: discs mounted face to face 22°

Ridge height at harvest time 1 ridging : 6,0 cm 2 ridgings : 8,3 cm 3 ridgings : 10,0 cm 4 ridgings : 10,5 cm

Treatments (randomized complete block with 4 replications) NoRidgingWALC (week after the last cultivation) 1. 0→ C onventional cultivation & & & & & & , 2 & , 2 & , 3 & , 3 & , 2, 3 & Weedy check 18. Hand weeded check

Results 2009: Ragweed biomass at harvest time

2010: Ragweed biomass at harvest time Results

Cultivation Density before (plants/m 2 ) % coty2L4L6L+6L Control 1 st Flex-tine H nd Flex-tine H Inter-row c with h. discs Ragweed control after conventional cultivation in 2010 (on crop row) (Without harrow disc = 30%)

Ridging Density before (plants/m 2 )% coty2L4L6L+6L Control Once at: 1 WALC WALC WALC WALC Several: 1 1 WALC WALC WALC WALC Ragweed control after ridging in 2010 Results

2009: Soyabean yield at 14 % moisture Results

2010: Soyabean yield at 14 % moisture Results

2009: Seed pod number per plant Results

2010: Seed pod number per plant Results

Conclusion Ragweed control: Inter-row weeding with harrow discs decreased the number of ragweed seedlings on row crop If there is only one ridging, it is better to do it at 1 WALC It is not necessary to do more than 2 ridgings

Conclusion Soyabean: Soyabean yield and seed pod number were not affected by the ridging

Germain Moreau, technician Field workers from IRDA Summer students Financial support from MAPAQ (Programme Prime-vert, Volet 11)