1 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Routing Fundamentals and Subnets/ TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers

222 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives

333 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IP Address

444 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IP Address Grouping

555 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routed Protocol

666 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Data Encapsulation

777 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IP Packet Header

888 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Network Layer Devices in Data Flow

999 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router Protocol Stripping

10 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Connectionless Network Services

11 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Telephone Calls: Connection-oriented

12 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Network Layer Fields

13 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Network Layer

14 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing

15 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing Metrics

16 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Data Encapsulation

17 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Network Layer

18 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Layer 2 Switching and Layer 3 Routing

19 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ARP Tables and Routing Tables

20 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router and Switch Features Comparison

21 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routed Protocol

22 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing Protocol

23 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Path Determination

24 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Path Determination

25 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Routing Process

26 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing Tables

27 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing Algorithms and Metrics

28 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols

29 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing

30 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing

31 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IP Address Bit Patterns

32 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class C Address

33 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class B Address

34 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class A Address

35 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Chart (Bit Position and Value)

36 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Chart (Subnet Mask Identifier)

37 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting

38 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Chart

39 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Scheme

40 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Chart

41 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class B Network

42 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class A Network

43 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting

44 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Class A and B Hosts

45 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Find the Subnet Mask

46 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Logical ANDing Process

47 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Calculating the Subnet ID

48 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary

49 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers

50 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives

51 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Transport Layer

52 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Flow Control

53 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Establishing a Connection with a Peer System

54 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Maintenance and Termination

55 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Three-Way Handshake

56 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. TCP Segment Format

57 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. UDP Segment Format

58 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. TCP and UDP Port Numbers

59 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Application Layer

60 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Application Layer

61 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FTP Application

62 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. URL

63 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Message Path

64 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SNMP

65 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Telnet

66 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary

67 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Question/Answer