Let’s go and get some colonies!. 1. Describe at least motives for imperialism. 2. Describe three types of imperialism. 3. Which nations became imperial.

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Presentation transcript:

Let’s go and get some colonies!

1. Describe at least motives for imperialism. 2. Describe three types of imperialism. 3. Which nations became imperial powers? 4. Which nations were controlled by imperial powers? 5. How did imperial powers justify their control over foreign nations?

 Imperialism: The policy by a stronger nation to attempt to create an empire by dominating weaker nations economically, politically, culturally or militarily.

COLONIALISM SPEEDS UP Age of Exploration ↓ Europeans raced for overseas colonies ↓ Growth of European commerce and trade worldwide ↓ Commercial Revolution

1500s-1700s England, France, Holland, Portugal, and Spain Wars over colonies

Europeans were preoccupied with happenings on the European continent and in the existing European colonies. American Revolution French Revolution Napoleonic Wars Latin American Wars for Independence Growth of Nationalism Industrial Revolution

Beginning circa 1875 Renewed race for colonies Spurred by needs created by the Industrial Revolution New markets for finished goods New sources of raw materials Nationalism Colonies = economic and political power Social Darwinism = racist justification

 David Livingstone  Mapping the “Dark Continent”

 Write down the definition of Imperialism.  Create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting Old Imperialism and New Imperialism.  Finally, do you think the concept was romanticized by some people?

 The steam engine  Better transportation  Increased exploration  Improvements in communication

 A desire to “civilize” non-Europeans also spurred the development of imperialism.  Charles Darwin, “The Origins of the Species”  The idea of the evolution and survival of the fittest.  Turned into Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism said that strong people should rule over weak people…

 First self-powered machine gun One English writer put it this way: “Whatever happens, we have got the Maxim gun, and they have not.”

 19 th century political change  Allegiance to one’s country rather than one’s monarch  Role of the Common people  Unification movements  Militarism

 Other nations emerged in the mid- 1800s as the result of political and economic changes in Europe and beyond.

 Industrialized nations sought:  Raw materials  Natural resources  A cheap labor supply  New marketplaces for manufactured goods.

Markets for finished goods Products of British Industrial Revolution sold in China and India Sources of raw materials Egypt – cotton Malaya – rubber and tin Middle East – oil Capital investments Profits from Industrial Revolution invested in mines, railroads, etc., in unindustrialized areas

Social Darwinism Interpreted Darwin’s evolutionary theory in terms of powerful nations “Only the strong survive” Powerful nations able to develop areas and resources being “wasted” by native peoples Racism Increased feelings of white superiority Increased feelings of Japanese superiority Eugenics developed as a branch of science

Conversion to Christianity End-of-the-century crusading spirit Missionaries in Africa, Asia, Hawaii, etc. †

 His ideas about imperialism can be seen in a poem he wrote in 1889, called The White Man’s Burden: Rudyard Kipling, author of The Jungle Book, was an Anglo-Indian – an Englishman who was born in India.

 Turn to the White Man’s Burden page in your passport and read the entry together.  Answer the following questions

Surplus population Japanese in Korea Italians in Africa “White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling’s poetry and prose Whites morally obligated to bring the “blessings of civilization” to “backward” peoples Cecil Rhodes – imperialism is “philanthropy—plus five percent”

 The White Man’s Burden was the idea that Europeans had to conquer the rest of the world, to spread the benefits of Western Civilization. This was supposed to help them…

 Appeared on advertisements and on children’s books during that time period.

Mahatma Gandhi was born in India around the same time as Rudyard Kipling. Gandhi lived in India and Africa and studied law in England, but he had different ideas about imperialism. Reporter: “What do you think about Western Civilization?” Gandhi: “I think it would be a good idea!” Gandhi led India to independence from England through nonviolent resistance.

Gandhi and others thought that Europeans were just talking about helping the people they conquered. The West wasn’t really civilized. It was brutally conquering the entire world and taking foreign countries’ natural resources.

POLITICAL MOTIVES Nationalism – national pride “The sun never sets on the British empire.” Large empires increased national pride French acquisitions in Africa and Asia followed France’s defeat in the Franco-Prussian War

 Berlin Conference: established rules on how the colonies would behave in regards to Africa

Bases British naval bases Aden, Alexandria, Cyprus, Hong Kong, Singapore Manpower British – Indian sepoys French – north African troops

 In the 1700s, China enjoyed a favorable balance of trade.

 By 1779, the British East India Company was importing opium to China.  Within a generation, opium addiction in China became widespread.

In 1839, a Chinese official demanded that the opium trade in Guangzhou stop. The British refused and war ensued. China and Britain Clash over Opium

Boxer rebellion

Economic privileges and rights given for a specific purpose U.S. and British oil concessions throughout the Middle East Ottoman Turks granted Germany permission to build Berlin-to- Baghdad Railroad

Exclusive or special control over an area Examples British trading rights in China’s Yangtze valley French trading rights in southeastern China Japanese trading rights in Korea

Lease over an area Suez Canal Corporation Suez Canal built by French in 1860s Controlled by British shortly thereafter until 1968 Panama Canal United States Germans in Kiachow French in Kwangchow British in Weihaiwei Plan of Suez Canal as envisioned in 1881.

Foreign control exercised through native “puppet” rulers French – Morocco ( ) British – Egypt ( ) Britain held a sphere of influence in Egypt from Britain gained control of Egypt as Egypt’s protectorate when the Ottoman empire fell apart during World War I

Territory annexed and turned into a colony under the complete control of a foreign power German colonies in east and southwest Africa – until 1918 and the end of World War I French Indochine (Vietnam) – until 1955 British Burma – until 1948

Victors of World War I gained control over German possessions under mandates granted by the League of Nations German East Africa → Great Britain Pacific islands north of the equator → Japan Syria → France

 Closed its doors to the World until 1600  It opened its doors in the 1800s to the United States.  Soon caught up to the rest of the world in being an industrialized nation.

 Tokugawa Shogunate overthrown by imperial forces.  Emperor Mutsuhito ruled  Modernization

  Japan and Russia fought for control of Manchuria  Japan won easily; Russia was humiliated.