Mixed Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region Presentation by UNHCR Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime Workshop on Regional Protection, Resettlement and Repatriation Bali, Indonesia; 7-8 June 2010

2 Overview Mixed movements and triggers Key statistics in the region Key movements Protection environment Factors affecting irregular movements

3 3 Protection and migration in the Asia-Pacific People move for a web of reasons Protection-driven movements triggered by human rights violations, armed conflict, serious disturbances of public order Economic based, including labour migration Protection-based social factors (family reunification and education)

4 People on the Move subjected to Smugglers and Traffickers Economic Migrants, Refugees and Asylum- Seekers: –Travel in same directions –Use same routes and means of transport –Face same risks on route

5 Main Source Countries* in the Region (Estimated number of persons) *Source: 2009 Annual Statistical Report for UNHCR’s geographical Asia-Pacific Region. Figures rounded to the nearest thousand.

6 Main Host Countries* in the Region (Estimated number of persons) *Source: 2009 Annual Statistical Report for UNHCR’s geographical Asia-Pacific Region. Figures rounded to the nearest thousand.

7 Change in Newly registered asylum-seekers* from 2009 to 2010 for key countries in the Region Country of Asylum 1Jan-31Mar091Jan-31Mar10 Change in Number Percentage Change Australia1,2592,444**+ 1, % India8471, % Indonesia % Malaysia4,43914,168+ 9, % Thailand % Total7,43319,499+12, % * Source: 1 st Quarterly Statistical Reports For Australia, figures are reported by UNHCR Canberra. ** Newly registered asylum-seekers in Australia is the total number of protection visa applications, comprising all “onshore arrivals” (Australian mainland) during first quarter 2010, and a number of “offshore arrivals” (Christmas Island) who became eligible to apply for a protection visa in first quarter 2010.

8 MalaysiaNepalThailand Others in Asia & the Pacific Total Asia & the Pacific World Submitted10,22822,13919,8793,21555,461128,558 Departed7,50917,44216,8352,54644,33284,657 Resettlement Figures (Total 2009)

9 Key Movements in the Region LEGEND CoO: Myanmar CoO: Sri Lanka CoO: Afghanistan Return to Afghanistan CoO: Iraq CoO: Myanmar CoO: Sri Lanka CoO: Afghanistan Return to Afghanistan

10 Some factors affecting movements Armed conflict Human insecurity Demand for foreign labour People smuggling rings Disparate standards of protection Access to solutions

11 Protection Environment in the Region Lack of legal and social framework to protect refugees and asylum- seekers: –Accession rate to Refugee Convention low –Processing arrangements –Use of detention to curb irregular migration –Few national asylum systems in place –Low standard of treatment and poor access to basic services and employment –Few available solutions

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