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Presentation transcript:

The sea floor is not a flat surface

Earthquake epicenters display a typically nonrandom distribution

Seismicity defines the plate boundaries

Pacific plate Nazca plate Australian plate South American plate North American plate African plate Gorda plate Cocos plate Antarctic plate Philippine plate Indian plate Eurasian plates Caribbean plate Some major plates

The older the sea floor the farther it is from the ridge axis Age of the sea floor (Ma B.P.)

A convergent plate boundary, e.g., the convergence of Nazca and South American plates