Talk Given to IESL – NSW Chapter – October 2009 Engineering for the new World: Information and Communication Technologies and Social Transformation Professor Athula Ginige School of Computing and Mathematics University of Western Sydney Australia Talk Given to IESL – NSW Chapter – October 2009

What is Engineering Ref: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY, S.P. Nichols and W.F. Weldon, Center for Electromechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA

Evolution of Engineering Disciplines Civil Engineering Leads back to 3000 BC Mechanical Engineering Leads back to 100 BC Electrical Engineering Leads back to 1900 Telecommunication Engineering Leads back to 1840 Software Engineering Early stages - 1955, As an Engineering Practise 1970’s Web Engineering In the Process of Making the history

Branches of Engineering

Since 2000 ICT is changing many things Business eBusiness Learning eLearning Commerce eCommerce Government eGovernment eTransformation

Micro Changes  Macro Changes Steam Water Heat / Temperature

Social Transformation 1750 1850 1970 2000 ? Agricultural Society Industrial Society

Industrial Revolution- Augmenting Muscle Power Invention of the Steam engine Discovery of Electricity and invention of the electric motor Internal Combustion Engine Assembly Lines Automation

Evolution of Organisational and Management Structures Large Scale Strategic Planning Monitoring divisional performance and Intervening to adjust plans and activities Moving Forward Alfred Sloan Management Structures Apply division of Labour to Management Henry Ford Assembly Lines Brought work to worker -1890 Adam Smith Concept of Division of Labour Ref. Wealth of Nations - 1766 Task

DNA of Industrial Society Essential characteristics of the industrial society. Standardisation --> Mass production Specialisation --> Compartmentalised structures Synchronisation --> 9 to 5 Concentration Maximisation Centralisation Industrial Society

Advances in ICT

Increasing the Productivity in Manufacturing Machine tools with build in intelligence Robots NC Machines Drastic reduction in set up time This made it possible to go for small batches which reduced the inventory cost and increased the scheduling flexibility.

Intelligent Processing of Information Word of mouth Very limited in access Information is enriched and customised. Books Much wider access Information was passive Computers Global access Information can be enriched and customised

Make and Sell vs Sense and Respond

Working across Silos CURRENT: Organization- Centric “Silo” Access GOAL: User- Centric Access

Process based Organisations

Task based to Process based - Example Major Business Processes used at AMP Customer Order Processing Programming Job Production Despatch Finished Goods Purchases Marketing Prototyping Inventory Control Purchase Return Goods Return Customer Queries Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable Staff Recruitment Payroll Training IT support process QA and Inspection Auditing KPI reporting

Changing Organisations: Enterprise Engineering Task based  To Process based

An early Lesson A project based approach did not Work NSW State UNISYS Government UNISYS Centre of Excellence in eBusiness Aim: to carry out eBusiness Development Projects for SMEs University Technical College A project based approach did not Work

Interactions with external World Suppliers Customers Business organisation Trust Relationships Security Convenience Level of Service Information Material Finance Government Authorities Other Businesses

Business Processes External Business Processes Marketing Distribution Internal Business Processes Production Payroll Business Processes Business organisation Information Material Finance Employees Organisation Structure

Nature of Interactions External Entities Information Material Finance Trust Relationships Security Convenience Level of Service Business Processes Employees Business Organisation

Impact of Information Technology External Entities Technology Information Material Finance Trust Relationships Security Convenience Level of Service Business Processes Technology Employees From Atoms to Bits Business Organisation

External Processes Organisational Efficiency External Entities Marketing Information Basic Web Site Technology Two way Communication Interactive Site Business Processes Payment and follow up eCommerce Site Technology Employees Business Organisation Organisational Efficiency

Internal Processes Organisational Efficiency External Entities Technology Business Processes Enterprise Wide Applications Technology Effective Enterprise Effective Team Communication Infrastructure Employees Effective Individual Business Organisation Productivity Tools Organisational Efficiency

Convergence and New Processes Basic Web Site Interactive Site eCommerce Site Convergence New Processes Effective Enterprise SCM CRM KM Effective Team Effective Individual Organisational Efficiency

Convergence - Integration Production Finance Human Resources Links to Distributors Interactive Web site Suppliers Purchasing Marketing Corporate Data Repository

eTransformation Roadmap No Website External Processes Basic Website External Processes Interactive Site E-Commerce Site Integrated Enterprise New Processes Process Sophistication Effective Organisation Internal Processes Effective Team Effective Individual Internal Processes No Computers Organisation Competitiveness

Workflow, Technology and People Business Process Task Linkage Technology Interconnection People Cooperation Business Process Task Linkage Technology Interconnection People Cooperation Business Process Task Technology Functionality Information People Interface Competence 

eTransformation Methodology Understanding Global Change Business Strategy Responding to Change eTransformation Strategy Implementing Change Business Process Modeling Workflow, Technology, People User Training System Implementation Business Process Re-engineering

Roadmap for beyond eTransformation Collaborative Organisations Ubiquitous Organisations Integrated Enterprise Process-oriented Organisation Learning and Knowledge based Organisations …………

People – Technology – Tasks  Systems External Factors External Factors Processes People Technology External Factors Machinery and Information Systems Organisations and Organisation Structures

Social Transformation 1750 1850 1970 2000 Agricultural Society Industrial Society Information Society

Engineering for the new World Climate Change Health Care Poverty Elevation …………… Information and Communication Technology Genetics Nano technology Bio Technology …………… Ref: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY, S.P. Nichols and W.F. Weldon, Center for Electromechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA