Lesson 2a – Ancient History

Areas we’ll cover MesopotamiaMesopotamia EgyptEgypt PhoeniciaPhoenicia AssyriaAssyria HebrewsHebrews

The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

Sumerians

Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic Enki Innana Anthropomorphic Gods

Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

Cuneiform Writing

Deciphering Cuneiform

Your Name

Sumerian Scribes “Tablet House”

Ziggurat at Ur  Temple  “Mountain of the Gods”  Temple  “Mountain of the Gods”

The Babylonian Empires

Babylonian Numbers

On p. 36 there’s a Primary Source box on Hammurabi’s Code Answer #2 of the Skills question in this box.

A View of The Nile by Satellite

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

Ancient Egyptian History PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins3900 B. C. E. Archaic3100 – 2650 B. C. E. Old Kingdom2650 – 2134 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom2040 – 1640 B. C. E. New Kingdom1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period750 – 332 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

Making Ancient Egyptian Beer

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Ramses II B. C. E. Tutankhamon B. C. E.

Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship ,000100,0001,000,000 What number is this?

Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”

Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” phonetic symbols

Your Name

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus

Egyptian Mummies Seti I B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II B. C. E. Ramses II B. C. E.

Egyptian Book of the Dead

The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

Giza Pyramid Complex

The Valley of the Kings

Ankhenaton: First Monotheist? B. C. E.

Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)

Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb

King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask B. C. E.

King Tutankhamon

The Valley of the Queens Temple of Queen Hatshepsut B. C. E.

The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life

Abu Simbel: Monument to Ramses II B. C. E.

On p. 65 there’s an Interpreting Skills box Hammurabi’s Code Answer Draw Conclusions question.

Phoenician Sea Routes

Phoenician Alphabet

Why would it be handy for Phoenicians To be experts at different languages?

The Assyrian Empire

Assyrian Military Power Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s gods.

Babylon under the Chaldeans

Ishtar Gate

What military images say about the Assyrians?

Abraham’s Journey from Ur Canaan  The “Promised Land”

Abraham’s Journeys

Moses “Prince of Egypt” “Shepherd of His People”

The Exodus

Route of the Exodus

King David’s Empire

Solomon’s Kingdom Solomon’s Kingdom

Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near East

Herod the Great’s Kingdom

On p. 46, read the last paragraph. What do the Ten Commandments say about Jewish society?

Roman Palestine

The Spread of Christianity

How was is that the Christians convinced others to become Christians?

The Jewish Diaspora

The Persian Empire

Cyrus the Great 580 – 529 B. C. E.  A A tolerant ruler  he allowed different cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions.  The Greeks called him a “Law-Giver.” he Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.” (In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine).

Darius the Great (526 – 485 B. C. E.)  B Built Persepolis.  He extended the Persian Empire to the Indus River in northern India. (2 mil. s.q. mi.)  Built a canal in Egypt.

Persian “Royal Road”

Zarathustra [Zoroaster], 6c BCE : Good Thoughts, Good Deed, Good Words “Tree of Life”

Dualistic Battle of Good vs. Evil Ahura Mazda “Holy Spirit” Ahriman “Destructive Spirit”

On p , read the paragraph that starts On p. 54 and finishes on 55. What does this system say about the Persians?

The Roman Empire Divided in 294

Constantine’s City-- Constantinopolis Year 335 AD

Barbarian Invasions of the Roman Empire

Constantinople: A Greek City (Istanbul Today)

Emperor Justinian [r ]

Justinian’s Empire at its Peak

Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy Wisdom]

Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia

On p Look around the page, and then Describe the Hagia Sophia in 3 words.

Expansion of the Muslims Under Muhammad Under Patriarchal Caliphate Under Umayyad Caliphate

The Golden Age of the Ottomans

The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople

“Golden Horn” from space

“Golden Horn”

Sunset on the “Golden Horn”

Europeans vs. Turks CRUSADES Series of wars Nine major and 12+ minor crusades Was a push back by Christians to retake land from Muslims

The Fall of Constantinople: 1453 (Muslims push back)

The End of the Byzantine Empire

Battle of Lepanto (1571) (Spanish Christians push back)

The Ottoman Empire During the 16 c

On p. 263 Expansion of Territory. How was it that the Muslims got areas To be Islam, as comparison to how the Christians did it?