UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 1 Aims and objectives of SIA are to: F analyse how proposals affect people F identify and mitigate adverse impacts F enhance benefits F help manage social change

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 2 Scope of SIA F SIA conducted under EIA legislation and procedure F scope of SIA differs with jurisdictional arrangements F initially limited to environmentally- related changes F larger range of social impacts now considered F comprehensive SIA often a separate process F focuses on social issues of sustainable development, poverty alleviation and justice

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 3 Causes of social impacts F demographic change, e.g. population size and composition F economic change, e.g. employment and income F environmental change, e.g. air and water quality F institutional change, e.g. law and administration

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 4 Types of social impact F lifestyle – behaviour and relationships F cultural – customs, values and religious beliefs F community – infrastructure, services and networks F amenity/ quality of life – sense of security, livability and futurity F health – mental and physical well being

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 5 SIA benefits can include: : F reduced impact on people F enhanced benefits for those affected F avoiding delays and obstruction F lowering costs by timely actions F better community and stakeholder relationships F improved future proposals

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 6 Steps in the SIA process F public involvement plan F identification of alternatives F profiling of baseline conditions F scoping of key issues F projection of estimated effects F prediction and evaluation of responses to impacts

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 7 Steps in the SIA process (continued) F estimate indirect and cumulative impacts F recommend changes to alternatives F develop and implement a mitigation plan F develop and implement a monitoring programme

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 8 Principles of SIA good practice F involve the diverse public F analyse impact equity F focus the assessment F identify methods and assumptions and define significance F provide feedback on social impacts to project planners

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 9 Principles of SIA good practice (continued) F use experienced SIA practitioners F establish monitoring and mitigation programmes F identify data sources F plan for gaps in data

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 10 Sources of SIA information F data on the proposal F experience with similar actions F census and vital statistics F secondary documents F survey and field research

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 11 Methods commonly used for predicting social impacts include: F trend extrapolations F population multipliers F use of expert knowledge F scenario building F comparative studies

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 12 Basis of good practice in prediction of social impacts F understanding those affected and their likely responses F comparisons with experience in similar cases F use of appropriate expertise and knowledge base

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 13 Good practice in analysing impact equity F predict adverse impacts F specify for each group F explain reasons for variations F highlight impacts on vulnerable groups F guard against representational bias

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 14 Good practice in impact mitigation and management F identify mitigation measures for each impact F customise them to the different groups affected F give priority to avoiding social impacts F then minimise them as far as practicable F use compensation as a last resort F ensure impacts are not borne disproportionately by one group

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 13 Slide 15 Good practice in impact mitigation and management (continued) F no one should be worse off than before F treat relocation/resettlement as a special case F livelihoods of those displaced should be improved F enhance benefits for local people through job training and development packages