Renaissance

Vocabulary Emphasis – důraz Urban palaces – městské paláce Marble – mramor Peristyle – sloupořadí Vault – klenba Dome – kupola Ground plan – půdorys Chiaroscuro – šerosvit still life - zátiší

Characteristics 14. century – 16. century Main features: Emphasis on man turns back to the Antiquity Scenes of everyday activities Religious motives art is national

symmetry proportion geometry Architecture  New types of buildings: urban palaces and villas  The use of new materials: marble and brick  New architectural elements:  Peristyle - sloupořadí  Vault - klenba  Dome  Staircase  A new kind of decoration → fasade - sgrafiti

Art Themes: Religious scenes from everyday life New genres: Portraits Landscape or still life (zátiší) Mythological moti ve s Human anatomy Techniques: Tridimensionality and chiaroscuro Used multiple colors Representatives: Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Sandro Botticelli Piero della Francesca Pieter Brueghel

Leonardo da Vinci ( ) Types of paintings:  Early works  Paintings of the 1480s  Paintings of the 1490s  Paintings of the 1500s  Scientific studies and anatomy  Engineering and inventions

Sculpture dynamic movement respect for anatomy Representatives: Donatello Michelangelo Buonarotti (statue of David)

Science Alchemy found a method of transmuting lead into gold Representative: PARACELSUS Alchemist and physician Treatment of syphilis Coined the word “zinc“ and “Alcohol” Astronomy Representative: Nicolaus COPERNICUS New idea: The Earth revolves around the Sun

Literature Italy  Dante Alighieri  The Divine Comedy  Giovanni Boccaccio  Decameron  Life of Dante  Francesco Petrarca  Song book France  Francois Villon  Small testament  Grand testament  Francois Rabelais  Gargantua and Pantagruel England  Geoffrey Chauser  Troilus and Cryseida  Canterbury Tales  William Shakespeare  39 plays  154 sonnets Spain  Miguel de Cervantes  Don Quixote de la Mancha  Fox Pedro  Lope de Vega  Fuente Ovejuna  Fools of Valencia

Music Main forms of sacred m.: Masses Motets Main forms of secular m.: Madrigals Songs 3 generations of R. music 1. – Isometric motet – development of the Mass and chanson  Guillaume Dufay 2. – development of compositional techniques – CRAYFISH technique – MIRROR technique – combination of the 2  Johannes Ockeghem 3. – peak in the compositional skills – free imitation  Josquin Desprez

Music instruments The Brass: Slide trumpet(1.) Cornett(2.) Sackbut Plucked: Jew´s harp(3.) Woodwinds(aerophones): Shawm(4.) Reed pipe Horn pipe(5.) Strings: Viol Lute(6.) Lyre(7.) Irish harp(8.) Hurdy-gurdy(9.) Zither(10.)

Fashion symmetry and proportion the beauty and refinement of textiles