EXPLORING THE EARTH.

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Presentation transcript:

EXPLORING THE EARTH

Earth’s Major Spheres The hydrosphere includes all liquid water on Earth—both saltwater and fresh water. The atmosphere consists of the gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. Although the atmosphere extends more than 100km up, 90% is within 16km of the surface.

Earth History Spheres work together in a System: A change in any part of the system will affect the other parts Energy: All energy on earth comes from the sun Constructive forces & destructive forces: Forces that have built up, or torn away the surface of the earth and changed it over time

Branches of Earth Science --Ology: The study of Geology: Study of forces that have shaped the earth Oceanography: Study of Oceans Meteorology: Study of the atmosphere Astronomy: Study of the universe outside of the atmosphere Environmental science: Study of the environment and resources.

Earth’s Topography TOPOGRAPHY: The shape of the land Can be flat, sloping, hilly, or mountainous. Topography includes: Elevation: Height above sea level Relief: Difference between highest and lowest parts of an area Landforms: A feature about the topography (how the topography is shaped)

Landforms Plains: Nearly flat, rolling surface with very little relief Mountains: Landform with high elevation and high relief. Mountain Range: Series or group of mountains Plateau: Landform with high elevation and flat

Landform Region An area that has one type of landform Examples: Rocky Mountain Region, Appalachian Region, Great Plains

Map Vocabulary (Pg. 26) Scale: Relates distance on a map to a distance on earth Symbols: Stand for features on the map Key: List of symbols with explanation Degrees: Distance in a circle

Equator: Line ½ way between north and south poles Prime Meridian: ½ way between east and west—separates the hemispheres

Longitude: Lines going north to south… Longitude: Lines going north to south….measured in degrees from the prime meridian Latitude: Lines going east to west…measures degrees north or south from the equator

The Global Grid

Map: flat model of the earth or part of the earth Globe: Sphere that represents the entire earth Topographic Map: Map that shows the surface features of an area.

Topographic Maps Contour lines: Connect the points of equal elevation Contour Intervals: Change in elevation from one line to another Index Contours: Labeled Contour lines