NATURAL SELECTION. EVOLUTION the mechanism of evolution  organisms that are better suited to survive in a given environment are more likely to survive.

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Presentation transcript:

NATURAL SELECTION

EVOLUTION the mechanism of evolution  organisms that are better suited to survive in a given environment are more likely to survive & reproduce  determines the differential survival of groups of organisms biodiversity  creates biodiversity & variation biodiversity = sum of diff kinds of ALL organisms in an ecosystem Process of natural selection over time; Process of natural selection over time; genetic change (variety and diversity) combined with constantly changing environments NATURAL SELECTION

Elements required:  Population is growing  Variation among individuals in population  That individual variation is heritable  Stress or competition for resources (“struggle for survival”)

ADAPTATION  Traits = GENETIC characteristic that helps an organism survive selected FOR  Adaptive traits are helpful: they are “selected FOR” Ex/ Camouflage selected AGAINST  Disadvantageous traits are NOT helpful; they are “selected AGAINST” Ex/ coloration that stands out A feature produced or preserved by natural selection

ADAPTATION  Structural adaptations features of the organism; Ex/camouflage Can be structural or behavioral  Behavioral adaptations things the organism does to survive; Ex/ migration

MORE ON ADAPTATION More diversity = increased chance that at least some individuals will adapt to survive future environmental change 1.diverse bacteria 2.ecological opportunity for antibiotic-resistant bacteria 3.new population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

How are organisms “favored?” The organisms that are well-suited have advantageous traits (adaptations) They are better at surviving and reproducing – so the traits (genetic change) is passed on “selected FOR” example: camouflage NATURAL SELECTION REVISTIED Over time, populations evolve to have traits that are adapted to their environments. The organisms that are not well- suited are not as well adapted, and may die before they can pass their traits on to the next generation As an environment changes, the selection for the adaptive traits is realigned with the change

NATURAL SELECTION CLASSIC EXAMPLE: Industrial Revolution & the Peppered Moth  2 varieties of moth: dark and light  Pre-Industrial Revolution  dark moth was rare  During the Industrial Revolution  light moth became rare  WHY? Some moths had an adaptive advantage that  fitness Those adaptations were passed on and that trait was selected FOR.