1 Universe Technical Subgroup on the Movement of Natural Persons (Paris, 31 January -2 February 2005)

2 Overview Why?Why? Different alternatives to meet the needs ofDifferent alternatives to meet the needs of BPM5BPM5 GATS – Mode 4GATS – Mode 4 Points for discussionPoints for discussion

3 Why? Define the boundaries according to different needsDefine the boundaries according to different needs Identify flows relevant to different types of analysis which may be classified in different components of BPM5 of 1993 SNAIdentify flows relevant to different types of analysis which may be classified in different components of BPM5 of 1993 SNA

4 Choice of the universe Linked to the objectives of the framework, which are:Linked to the objectives of the framework, which are: Measuring the impacts of movement of persons/migrationMeasuring the impacts of movement of persons/migration Measuring the impacts of GATS Mode 4Measuring the impacts of GATS Mode 4

5 Measuring the impact of migration Broad universeBroad universe All residentsAll residents Narrow universeNarrow universe MigrantsMigrants HOW TO DEFINE A MIGRANT?

6 Residents Pro Easy to assessEasy to assess Will match the need for the definition of remittances –migrant and non-migrant - covering all household to household transfersWill match the need for the definition of remittances –migrant and non-migrant - covering all household to household transfersCons Too broad for practical purpose still may need to look only at migrantsToo broad for practical purpose still may need to look only at migrants

7 Migrants Migrants are defined in BPM5 and migration statistics (broadly speaking) as persons who live of have intention to live in the country for more than a year No mention of when a migrant ceases to be a migrant. Possible criteria to define a migrant are: Not being a citizen Being born abroad Staying in the country for a certain number of years

8 Universe - Non-citizens Pro Easy to assessEasy to assess Clear-cut criterion – based on lawClear-cut criterion – based on lawCons Becoming a citizen does not imply weaker ties with the country of originBecoming a citizen does not imply weaker ties with the country of origin May not be a relevant criterion for certain countriesMay not be a relevant criterion for certain countries

9 Universe – Foreign born Pro Easy to assessEasy to assessCons May not be relevant – especially with increased globalizationMay not be relevant – especially with increased globalization Cross tabulating country of citizenship with country of birth may provide useful info

10 Universe – Length of stay Pro Uniform application across countries (e.g. after X year a person ceases to be a migrant)Uniform application across countries (e.g. after X year a person ceases to be a migrant)Cons Difficult to assessDifficult to assess May not entitle to acquisition of any legal rights (e.g. illegal immigrants, may still be in a country on a temporary visa, etc.)May not entitle to acquisition of any legal rights (e.g. illegal immigrants, may still be in a country on a temporary visa, etc.)

11 Universe – GATS Mode 4 Sub-universe of the universe of the frameworkSub-universe of the universe of the framework How to slice it?How to slice it? Eliminate all citizensEliminate all citizens Eliminate all permanent residentsEliminate all permanent residents Further slice on the basis of:Further slice on the basis of: Type of contractType of contract Industry where the Mode 4 person worksIndustry where the Mode 4 person works Occupational categoriesOccupational categories

12 Points for discussion Does the TSG agree with the choice of all residents as the universe for the statistical framework?Does the TSG agree with the choice of all residents as the universe for the statistical framework? Or should the universe be limited to migrants?Or should the universe be limited to migrants? Which criterion to define a migrant would the TSG prefer?Which criterion to define a migrant would the TSG prefer? Does the TSG think that a definition of migrant is needed? If yes, does the TSG agree with the following definition:Does the TSG think that a definition of migrant is needed? If yes, does the TSG agree with the following definition: Persons who have become residents of a country by virtue of being expected to live there for a year or more, until they either become citizens or are born in the country, at which point the cease to be migrants. Does the TSG agree with defining the Mode 4 universe as a sub-universe of the framework universe, sliced according to selected variables? Which variables?Does the TSG agree with defining the Mode 4 universe as a sub-universe of the framework universe, sliced according to selected variables? Which variables?