Mean Time Between Failures

History of computing hardware - Second generation: transistors 1 Problems with the reliability of early batches of point contact and alloyed junction transistors meant that the machine's mean time between failures was about 90 minutes, but this improved once the more reliable bipolar junction transistors became available.

Time-multiplexed optical shutter - General features 1 Mean time between failures: The first components it is expected to fail in a TMOS technology is the illumination system. LEDs usually have 100,000 hours MTBF under continuous operation; as TMOS uses LEDs at 1/3 duty cycle, the maximum expected MTBF is 300,000 hours.

Time-multiplexed optical shutter - Advantages 1 Mean Time Between Failures: TMOS life could achieve 300,000 hours, overcoming the 10,000 hours of OLED, 30,000 of plasma displays, 40,000 hours of CTRS and the 100,000 hours of LCD.

Parallel computing - Application checkpointing 1 As a computer system grows in complexity, the mean time between failures usually decreases

Service-level agreement 1 In this case the SLA will typically have a technical definition in terms of mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair or mean time to recovery (MTTR); various data rates; throughput; jitter; or similar measurable details.

Solar micro-inverter - Micro-inverters 1 Mean time between failures (MTBF) are quoted in hundreds of years.[ wnloads/Enphase_M190_Datasheet.pdf Enphase Microinverter M190], Enphase Energy

Life expectancy 1 The term life expectancy may also be used in the context of manufactured objects although the related term shelf life is used for consumer products and the terms mean time to breakdown (MTTB) and Mean time between failures|mean time before failures (MTBF) are used in engineering.

Parallel programming - Application checkpointing 1 As a computer system grows in complexity, the mean time between failures usually decreases

Ssd - Flash-based SSDs 1 These applications require the exceptional mean time between failures (MTBF) rates that solid-state drives achieve, by virtue of their ability to withstand extreme shock, vibration and temperature ranges.

Computer power supply - Life span 1 Life span is usually measured in mean time between failures (MTBF). Higher MTBF ratings are preferable for longer device life and reliability. Quality construction consisting of industrial grade electrical components or a larger or higher speed fan can help to contribute to a higher MTBF rating by keeping critical components cool. Overheating is a major cause of PSU failure. Calculated MTBF value of 100,000 hours (about 11 years of continuous operation) is fairly common.

Maintenance, repair, and operations - MRO software 1 **Reliability data: Mean time between failures|MTBF, MTTB (mean time to breakdown), MTBR (mean time between removals),

Glossary of fuel cell terms - Mean time between failures 1 : Mean time between failures (MTBF) is the mean (average) time between failures of a system, and is often attributed to the useful life of the device i.e. not including 'infant mortality' or 'end of life' if the device is not repairable.

Service life 1 Service life is different from a predicted life, or MTBF|MTTF/MTBF (Mean Time to Failure/Mean Time Between Failures)/Maintenance-free operating period|MFOP (maintenance-free operating period)

Service-level agreement 1 In this case the SLA will typically have a technical definition in terms of MTBF|mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair or mean time to recovery (MTTR); various data rates; throughput; jitter; or similar measurable details.

Pump - Pump repairs 1 Examining pump repair records and MTBF (mean time between failures) is of great importance to responsible and conscientious pump users

Ring laser gyroscope - Description 1 Many tens of thousands of RLGs are operating in inertial navigation systems and have established high accuracy, with better than 0.01°/hour bias uncertainty, and mean time between failures in excess of 60,000 hours.

Functional safety - Achieving Functional Safety 1 4. Verification that the system meets the assigned SIL, Automotive Safety Integrity Level|ASIL, PL or agPL by determining the Mean Time Between Failures and the Safe Failure Fraction (SFF), along with appropriate tests. The Safe Failure Fraction is the probability of the system failing in a safe state: the dangerous (or critical) state states are identified from a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis or (Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) of the system (FMEA or FMECA).

Fault-tolerant system - Examples 1 Hardware fault-tolerance sometimes requires that broken parts can be taken out and replaced with new parts while the system is still operational (in computing known as hot swapping). Such a system implemented with a single backup is known as 'single point tolerant', and represents the vast majority of fault-tolerant systems. In such systems the mean time between failures should be long enough for the operators to have time to fix the broken devices (mean time to repair)

Logistic engineering 1 Logistics engineers work with complex mathematical models that consider elements such as mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to failure (MTTF), mean time to repair (MTTR), failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), statistical distributions, queueing theory, and a host of other considerations

SCADA - Operational philosophy 1 The reliability of such systems can be calculated statistically and is stated as the mean time to failure, which is a variant of Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)

Monte Carlo method - Engineering 1 * In reliability engineering, one can use Monte Carlo simulation to generate mean time between failures and mean time to repair for components.

High availability - System design for high availability 1 Zero downtime system design means that modeling and simulation indicates mean time between failures significantly exceeds the period of time between planned maintenance, upgrade events, or system lifetime. Zero downtime involves massive redundancy, which is needed for some types of aircraft and for most kinds of communications satellite. Global Positioning System is an example of a zero downtime system.

Data corruption - Overview 1 Hardware and software failure are the two main causes for data loss. Background radiation, head crashes, and Mean time between failures|aging or wear of the storage device fall into the former category, while software failure typically occurs due to Software bug|bugs in the code.

Commodity hardware 1 At some point, the number of discrete systems in a cluster will be greater than the mean time between failures (MTBF) for any hardware platform, no matter how reliable, so fault tolerance must be built into the controlling software /S00193ED1V01Y200905CAC006http://in sidehpc.com/2008/06/02/google-fellow-sheds- some-light-on-infrastructure-robustness-in-face-of- failure Purchases should be optimized on cost- per-unit-of-performance, not just absolute performance-per-CPU at any cost.

Eight dimensions of quality - Reliability 1 This dimension reflects the probability of a product malfunctioning or failing within a specified time period. Among the most common measures of reliability are the mean time to first failure, the mean time between failures, and the failure rate per unit time. Because these measures require a product to be in use for a specified period, they are more relevant to durable goods than to products and services that are consumed instantly.

Failure rate 1 In practice, the mean time between failures (MTBF, 1/λ) is often reported instead of the failure rate

Balanced Automatics Recoil System - Direct impingement 1 These combined factors reduce service life of these parts, reliability, and mean time between failures.Major Thomas P

AirPort Time Capsule - Features 1 Apple states that the Hitachi Deskstar meets or exceeds the 1 million hours mean time between failures (MTBF) recommendation for server-grade hard drives.[ Time Capsule Ships with Support for USB Drive Backups]

Entry-Level Power Supply Specification - Life span 1 Life span is usually specified in mean time between failures (MTBF), where higher MTBF ratings indicate longer device life and better reliability. Using higher quality electrical components at less than their maximum ratings or providing better cooling can contribute to a higher MTBF rating because lower stress and lower operating temperatures decrease component failure rates.

Mean time between failure 1 'Mean time between failures (MTBF)' is the predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a system during operation.Jones, James V., Integrated Logistics Support Handbook, page 4.2 MTBF can be calculated as the arithmetic mean (average) time between failures of a system

Lambda - Lower-case letter λ 1 * Lambda denotes the failure rate of devices and systems in reliability theory, and it is measured in failure events per hour. Numerically, this lambda is also the reciprocal of the mean time between failures.

Reliability, availability and serviceability (computer hardware) - Definitions 1 Reliability can be characterized in terms of mean time between failures (MTBF), with reliability = exp(-t/MTBF).

M60 machine gun - M60E2 1 This version achieved a mean time between failures of 1,669 during testing in the 1970s..

Life Expectancy Index 1 The term that is known as life expectancy is most often used in the context of human populations, but is also used in plant or animal ecology; life tables (also known as actuary|actuarial tables). The term life expectancy may also be used in the context of manufactured objects, although the related term shelf life is used for consumer products and the terms mean time to breakdown (MTTB) and mean time between failures (MTBF) are used in engineering.

Run Book Automation - Runbook Automation 1 According to Gartner, the growth of RBA has coincided with the need for IT operations executives to enhance IT operations efficiency measures—including reducing mean time to repair (MTTR), increasing mean time between failures (MTBF), and automating provisioning of Information technology|IT resources

Manchester computers - Transistor Computer 1 Problems with the reliability of early batches of transistors meant that the machine's mean time between failures was about 90 minutes, which improved once the more reliable Bipolar junction transistor|junction transistors became available

Peltier cooler - Construction 1 * Has a long life, with mean time between failures (MTBF) exceeding 100,000 hours

Commodity server 1 At some point, the number of discrete systems in a cluster will be greater than the mean time between failures (MTBF) for any hardware platform, no matter how reliable, so fault tolerance must be built into the controlling software /S00193ED1V01Y200905CAC006http://in sidehpc.com/2008/06/02/google-fellow-sheds- some-light-on-infrastructure-robustness-in-face-of- failure Purchases should be optimized on cost- per-unit-of-performance, not just absolute performance-per-CPU at any cost.

Mean time to repair 1 MTTR is often part of a maintenance contract, where a system whose MTTR is 24 hours is generally more valuable than for one of 7 days if mean time between failures is equal, because its Operational Availability is higher.

Synchronizer 1 * In electronics, whenever there is signal transfer between two systems operating at different frequencies or same frequency with different phases, synchronizer block is used as an interface so that signal from transmitter block is reliably interpreted by the receiver. The block usually uses metastable hardened flops offering single or double latency delays at the output. This block ensures that there is no metastability for a target MTBF i.e., Mean Time Between Failures

Fault tolerant system - Examples 1 In such systems the mean time between failures should be long enough for the operators to have time to fix the broken devices (mean time to repair) before the backup also fails

Passenger car (rail) - Kawasaki 1 Kawasaki Heavy Industries|Kawasaki has been manufacturing passenger rail cars at its facility in Lincoln, Nebraska since Kawasaki's Lincoln plant has manufactured rail cars for MBTA, NYCT, PATH, MNR with cars that have led the way with the industry's best MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures). Kawasaki Rail Car was the first American rail car manufacturer to achieve the International Organization for Standardization ISO-9002 certification.

Water pump - Pump repairs 1 Examining pump repair records and mean time between failures (MTBF) is of great importance to responsible and conscientious pump users

M109 howitzer - M109 KAWEST 1 New electrical system increases reliability (better than Mil STD 1245A, higher operational readiness, increased mean time between failures, fault-finding diagnostics with test equipment.)

Hard disk failure - Causes 1 HDD manufacturers typically specify a MTBF|Mean Time Between Failures or an Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) which are population statistics that can not predict the behavior of an individual unit

Hard disk failure - Metrics of failures 1 The mean time between failures (MTBF) of SATA drives is usually specified to be about 1.2million hours (some drives such as Western Digital Raptor have rated 1.4million hours MTBF), while SAS/FC drives are rated for upwards of 1.6million hours

Charging handle 1 One issue is the mean time between failures due to metal fatigue

Life expectancy at birth 1 Life expectancy is also used in plant or animal ecology; life tables (also known as actuary|actuarial tables). The term life expectancy may also be used in the context of manufactured objects, although the related term shelf life is used for consumer products and the terms mean time to breakdown (MTTB) and mean time between failures (MTBF) are used in engineering.

Water turbine - Time line 1 Around 1890, the modern fluid bearing was invented, now universally used to support heavy water turbine spindles. As of 2002, fluid bearings appear to have a mean time between failures of more than 1300 years.

Direct impingement - Evaluation 1 These combined factors reduce service life of these parts, reliability, and mean time between failures.Major Thomas P

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