BURGESS SHALE-TYPE PRESERVATION AND THE ANIMAL EVOLUTION ACROSS THE CAMBRIAN/PRECAMBRIAN BOUNDARY by (Alex) Jih-Pai Lin

Acknowledgements William I. Ausich, Loren E. Babcock and James St. John, Derek Briggs, and Sam Gon, III in USA; Yuan-Long Zhao, You-Yi Yu, Wang Yue, Jing Peng, Yuan Jin-Liang, and Shi- Xue Hu in China; Andrew Scott in UK; Chai-Wei Li and Hung-Jen Wu in Taiwan; and James G. Gehling in Australia. My graduate studies were supported by the Presidential Fellowship, Early-Start Fellowship, Ying-Chien Chang Fund, Graduate Student Ravel Grants, Alumni Research Grant from OSU, Student Research Grant and Gould Grant in Aid from PS, NSF East Asia Summer Research Fellowship, and two GSA Graduate Student Research Grants.

Why Study Fossils? Biostratigraphy Evolution Paleoecology Paleogeography Simple fascination Source: Prothero, D. R Bring Fossils to Life: An Introduction to Paleobiology, 1 st ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston, 457 p.

Presentation Sections Visited localities of exceptional preservation –Mistaken Point Biota, Newfoundland –Ediacara Biota, South Australia –Chengjiang Biota, Yunnan, China –Emu Bay Shale Biota, Kangaroo Island, Australia –Kaili Biota, Guizhou, China –Burgess Shale Biota, western Canada Significance of Kaili Biota –New mode of preservation

Exceptional Preservation in Siliciclastics

Visited Deposits of Exceptional Preservation around the World Mistaken Point Biota, Newfoundland, Canada

Narbonne et al., 2005

Narbonne et al., 2005

Visited Deposits of Exceptional Preservation around the World Ediacara Biota, Flinders Range, South Australia

Gehling, 2005

Visited Deposits of Exceptional Preservation around the World Chengjiang Biota, Yunnan Province, South China

Hou et al., 2004

Visited Deposits of Exceptional Preservation around the World Emu Bay Shale, Kangaroo Island, South Australia

Jago & Zang, 2006

Visited Deposits of Exceptional Preservation around the World Kaili Biota, Guizhou Province, South China

Stratigraphy

Kaili Biota – Arthropods

Kaili Biota – Echinoderms

Kaili Biota – Other Groups

Kaili Biota – Trace Fossils

Burgess Shale Biota Preservation of nonmineralizing organisms Preservation of soft parts

Visited Museum Collections Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Carnegie Museum of Natural History Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History Oxford Museum of Natural History

Caron & Jackson, 2006

New Mode of Preservation from the Kaili Biota

Summary of Burgess Shale-type Preservation Organic carbon films Replication of clay minerals Pyritization Phosphatization

Clusters of Silicified Spheroids

Elemental Mappings

Synchrotron X-ray Microscopy Facility: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan Advantage: Synchrotron X-ray provides the highest possible image resolution Collaborators: Chai-Wei Li and Hung-Jeng Wu (National Tsinghua University)

Summary Kaili egg clusters formed via selective silicification probably occurred in low pH and high solubility conditions. (Blatt, 1992)

1997: Freshman Fee Remission Scholarship 1998: July 4 th weekend field trip to Nevada 1999: Laurentia ’ : Teaching assistantship at The Ohio State University Important steps that had led to my early career in paleontology…

"Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life" - Confucius