15. Comparative Anatomy Essential Question: How does the evidence of geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy support the theory of evolution? Learning Target: I can compare and contrast fossils of several different species. I can compare the anatomy and development of several different species. Learning Task: I will explain how evidence from comparative anatomy can be used to support evolution.

Welcome! Warm Up Friday 4/25/14 Week of 4/21 – 4/25 Darwin observed many birds that had many different beak shapes and sizes. There a were few beaks that were similar because of… a. competition for the same type of food b. competition for a specific concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere c. the presence of an excessive number of autotrophs d. the presence of a disease that attacks birds with similar beaks

Welcome! Warm Up Friday 4/25/14 Week of 4/21 – 4/25 Darwin observed many birds that had many different beak shapes and sizes. There were few beaks that were similar because of… a. competition for the same type of food b. competition for a specific concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere c. the presence of an excessive number of autotrophs d. the presence of a disease that attacks birds with similar beaks

4th Quarter Table of Contents 1 Title Assignment # Video: Evolution Questions Segment 1& 3 11 Evolution Vocab (7 Words) 12 Evolution Notes: The Theory of Natural Selection 13 Video: Evolution Questions Segment 4&6 14 The Bean Bug Game (Data) 15 Evidences of Evolution Handout 16

Table / GroupTalk P 13 Natural Selection Notes P 14 Bean Game 4 Components of Natural Selection Give an example of a species and how it goes through the components of Natural selection

Evidences for Evolution 16 “life changes over time”

Evidences for Evolution So far, we have talked about evolution and the processes that drive it (natural selection). But how do we know that evolution occurs? There are three major evidences that we are going to evaluate:

I. Morphological Evidence (Comparative Anatomy): Comparing physical structures among organisms

A. Homologous Structures Definition: Structures that have common ancestry. Structures are similar; function may or may not be different. Example: human arm, whale flipper, dog front leg, bat wing, bird wing http://www2.visalia.k12.ca.us/eldiamante/science/biology/taters/taters_images/forelimbs.gif

http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB182/Lecture02/lect2.html

B. Analogous Structures Definition: Different structures with similar function in organisms are NOT closely related, but are adapted to the same environment. Example: Dolphin fin (class: mammal) made of bones; Shark fin (class: cartilaginous fish) made of cartilage

C. Vestigial Structures Definition: Structures reduced in size because they serve no apparent purpose Example: Whale pelvis, Snake pelvis, Human tail bone, appendix, wisdom teeth http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB182/Lecture02/lect2.html

http://www.biolessons.com/lessonplans/evolution/tutorial/default.asp

Human tailbone (Coccyx) http://microbiologybytes.wordpress.com/2008/04/03/biofilms-in-the-bowel-suggest-a-function-for-the-human-appendix/ Human appendix Human wisdom teeth Human tailbone (Coccyx) http://www.livescience.com/animals/top10_vestigial_organs-1.html http://www.studiodentaire.com/en/treatments/wisdom_teeth.php

II. Similar Embryology (Comparative Embryology): A. Definition: Comparing embryos of related organisms They look similar, but get more different as they develop B. Example: Vertebrate embryos (including humans) have gill slits, tails, and limb buds…but eventually the gill slits and tails may be lost

III. Biochemical Evidence REMEMBER: DNA codes for proteins Definition: Comparing DNA to determine organisms’ evolutionary past  Similarity in DNA =  relatedness b/w organisms Example: Human & gorilla have more DNA in common than human & fish, so human & gorilla are more related

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/ib/335/deletions.jpg

Video Video: Comparative Anatomy with Hand Dissection (4:05) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R UL8hKDdY84

Hand it to the Animals Google Drive: Download 15. Hand It to the Animals Wkst 15. Hand it to the Animals Images Make sure you have watch the video on and finished the questions on NB 14. Submit an picture of this page to me on Google Drive

Video Video: The human hand- a gift from ancient primates (4:27) http://www.pbs.org/your-inner- fish/watch/

Study Guide Tuesday you’ll take your Evolution Test This will be your last regular Test in Science! Use the study guide to prepare This is a Homework Assignment due Monday!!!

Exit Ticket Which of the types of evidence for evolution that we talked about today was most interesting to you? Why?