Driving Innovation in the New Energy Era Rich Housh President & CEO Juice Technologies, LLC

World’s Fastest Electric Car… Buckeye Bullet mph US Land Speed Record (over 5 miles) mph International Land Speed Record (flying kilometer)

The Center for Automotive Research 10+ Years of Advanced Battery Research –Battery Characterization –Battery models (cell and packs) –Pack Balancing –Battery Aging Diagnostics and prognostics Lab testing and reliability In-vehicle testing and evaluation SoC in-vehicle estimation and control Material characterization of aged cells

4 CAR Test Facilities

Source: OECD/IEA (2006) Vehicle Density How people go to work (US data) “A third of humanity doesn't want to ride bikes anymore; that has profound geopolitical implications.” - Anne Korin, the co-director of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (May 1, 2005) Vehicle Density and Use 5

Future Fuels: Petroleum?? World oil production (EIA Monthly) for crude oil + NGL. The median forecast is calculated from 13 models that are predicting a peak before 2020 (Bakhtiari, Smith, Staniford, Loglets, Shock model, GBM, ASPO, Robelius Low/High, HSM). 95% of the predictions sees a production peak between 2008 and 2010 at mbpd (The 95% confidence interval is computed using a bootstrap technique) 6

Source: International Energy Agency, 2007 U.S. Energy Flow Trends in 2005 (units in quadrillion Btus) The overall energy conversion efficiency in the electric power sector is quite low (around 31%). Part of the reason for such low efficiency is the difference between peak and off-peak operation, due mostly to much lower demand at night. The contribution of fuels derived from biomass which includes wood, waste, alcohol, geothermal, solar, and wind to the transportation sector is virtually negligible. Approximately 62% of the petroleum used in the U.S. is imported, and it is used almost exclusively for transportation. Energy used for transportation shows the worst overall energy efficiency (around 20%). PHEV/V2G Can Increase Grid Efficiency 7

Only practical vehicles that can be charged from renewable energy. No need for large new energy supply infrastructure: use existing infrastructure. Additional substantial public benefits: Additional substantial public benefits: more rapid introduction of zero-pollution vehiclesmore rapid introduction of zero-pollution vehicles increased reliability of the electric system increased reliability of the electric system lowered costs lowered costs higher proportions of renewable electricity in the futurehigher proportions of renewable electricity in the future Using Existing Infrastructure and Renewable Energy.. 8

PHEVs have gained interest over the past decade due to their high fuel economy, convenient low-cost recharging capabilities, reduced use of petroleum, and contribution to energy security goal of “Twenty in Ten” PHEVs have been suggested as a technology to improve the reliability and power quality of the electric grid and to ameliorate utility emissions. Meeting Customer Expectations and Environmental Sustainability 9

Plug-in/Vehicle to Grid: Dream or Reality? 10

Communication –Access, Authentication, Authorization –Vehicle: Vehicle Identification, Odometer –Grid: secure communications ( PLC, Internet, Zigbee, etc.) Smart Charging Requirements

Submeter –Dedicated revenue grade/quality –Charge away from home –Reconciliation from premise meter Smart Charging Requirements

Switching –Turn charging on/off –Off peak charging Smart Charging Requirements

High Level PHEV Communication Requirements –Supports secure two-way communication with the Utility –Supports time- or price-based charging preferences based on current electric rate/tier –Supports vehicle charging at any voltage –Supports vehicle roaming and unified billing infrastructure –Support customer override/opt- outs –PEV-to-Utility communications based on open standard SAE - Communication Task Force

Cordset –Level 1 charging –Travels with the car Stationary Charging Device –Level 2 & 3 charging –At home or public locations Vehicle Smart Charging Applications

~ 3 PLASMA TVs and SET TOP BOXES CHEVY VOLT Extended Range Electric Vehicle Annual Energy Consumption = 2,500 kWh PLASMA TV Annual Energy 623 kWh SET TOP BOX Annual Energy 263 kWh Annual Energy Consumption = 865 kWh How Much Load is a 40 Mile Range EREV Complements of EPRI

The Future of PEV Charging…

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