Culture

What is Culture? Culture is the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members shared of a specific group.

Society Society is a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture.

Factors of Culture Food and shelter Religion Relationships to family and others Language Education Security Political/Social Organizations Creative Expression

Culture TEKS 16 - Culture. The student understands how the components of culture affect the way people live in shape the characteristics of regions.

Cultural Patterns of the U.S. Northeast Region – Located on the Atlantic Coast Mixed cultures due to immigration Heavily industrialized and urbanized “Gateway” to America Land is to rocky to grow crops Has a lack of traditional industries International Trade Centers First settled by Europeans TEK 16A

Cultural Patterns of the U.S. Midwest Region – Large flat prairies, 1/5 of the U.S. land Contains ¼ of the U.S. Population Agriculture and traditional industries The “breadbasket” region and America’s heartland. Resulting from the Revolutionary War, the Midwest has been the destination for many immigrants. Early settlers from Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia. TEK 16A

Cultural Patterns of the U.S. The South – ¼ of U.S. Land More than 1/3 of U.S. Population Warm climates, fertile soil, and natural resources have shaped its development. Early European Settlement Site Mixed cultures reflect the diversity of the early settlers British Heritage, Descendants of African’s (Slavery), Hispanic, and Cajuns. Agriculture TEK 16A

Cultural Patterns in the U.S. West Region – Diverse Climates and Landscape Most rapidly growing region in the United States Economic activities depend on climate and landscape Foreign Trades Influenced by European Cultures ½ of U.S. Land 1/5 of U.S. Population TEK 16A

Elements of Culture 7 Elements of Culture: Social Organization Customs, Traditions, and Values Language Technology, Arts, and Literature Religion Forms of Government Economic Systems 16B

Elements Of Culture Social Organizations: When a culture organizes it’s members into smaller groups. Society and the Individual: Individual Family Clan Tribe 16B

Elements of Culture Customs, Traditions, and Values – Rules of behaviors Value is the importance of something A custom is an accepted habitual practice Traditions are beliefs or customs that are passed on from generation to generation. 16B

Elements of Culture Language – Important for communication and passing on traditions and beliefs. One of the most important aspects of culture. Language helps establish a cultural identity. A dialect reflects change in speech patterns related to class, region, and cultural changes. It can be diffused in many ways. (ex: during international trades). 16B

Elements of Culture Technology, Arts, and Literature – Arts can include music, performing, and visual arts. Teach about a culture’s value Promotes pride and unity Oral and written literature often illustrate aspects of the culture like behaviors and attitudes. Music is a cultural aspect found in ALL societies. 16B

Elements of Culture Religion – Consist of a belief in a supernatural power(s) that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the earth. It spreads across the world through diffusion Establishes beliefs and values of a person Monotheistic; with a belief in one god Polytheistic; with belief in many gods Animistic/Traditional; with a belief in divine forces in nature. Major Religions: Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism. 16B

Elements of Culture Forms of Government – Governments are formed to provide people with their common needs. Democracy; citizens hold political power through representatives. Monarchy; A ruling family with kings and queens. Dictatorship; an individual or group holds complete power. Communism; Political powers are held by the government in the name of the people. 16B

Elements of Culture Economic Systems – The way people produce and exchange goods and services Traditional; goods and services are exchanged without the presence of money. Command; production of goods and services are determined by the government. Market; production of goods and services are determined by the demand from consumers. Mixed; a combination of command and market economies provides goods and services so that all people will benefit. 16B

Elements of Culture in the U.S. English is the dominant language and Spanish comes in 2nd. Religious Freedom; the most common is Christianity. Rich Artistic Heritage; motion pictures and music are influential art forms. Ethnic groups contribute to musical heritage ex: jazz, blues, gospel, and hip-hop have African American heritages. Most adults work in the U.S. Advanced education; children 6-16 are required to attend school. 16B

Perceptual Region A region in which people perceive the characteristics of the region in the same way. Characteristics may not be the same for all people. Ex: All Texans own horses and have a southern accent. This is a perceptual region because others that have not visited Texas, only know how it is like from media sources like TV. On TV it shows that all Texans are “cowboys” and have accents. Therefore people take this “knowledge” they have to assume characteristics of a region. 16C

Urban vs. Rural Areas In Urban Areas it is; Made of cities The center of businesses Crowded or Populated; Busy Holds all modes of transportation Based on land use; presidential, industrial, and commercial Modern Facilities Well Developed 16D

Urban vs. Rural Areas In Rural Areas it is; Less populated Not crowded with construction Not compacted; houses are widely spread apart. Agricultural Peaceful and slow paced Close to nature and animals Not fully developed with highways, modes of transportation, or technology. 16D

Patterns of Culture Society – is a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture. Ethnic Group – a group that shares a common language, customs, and heritage. Theme: Place – how humans interact with others. Theme: Region – how places are similar or different. Language – allows people to communicate and pass on traditions. Cultural Identity – Dialect Religion – establish beliefs and values 17A

Major Religions Animism - The belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe. 17B

Major Religions Judaism – Southwest Asia Religion In Israel Oldest monotheistic religion Tradition of faith and culture tied together Holy book is called the Torah Religious Center is Jerusalem 17B

Major Religion Christianity – It is thought that Christianity evolved from Judaism. Teaching of Jesus Christ It is the largest of all religions Found on every continent 3 Major Groups Roman Catholics Protestant Eastern Orthodox 17B

Major Religion Islam – Originated in Southwest Asia Based on teachings of Muhammad Muslims God – Allah : close to Judaism and Christianity 2 Major Divisions: Sunni Shi’ite 17B

Major Religion Hinduism – One of the oldest religions Concentrated in India Polytheistic Caste System – levels of fixed social classes with specific duties. 17B

Major Religion Buddhism – Based off of Hinduism Siddhartha Gautama was the founder Branches: Theravada (South), Mahayana (East), and Tibetan (North). Found in Asia (China, Japan, Korean, and India). No caste system 17B

Major Religions Sikhism – Monotheistic religion Founded in Punjab (Northern India) Founded by Guru Nanak Believe in the Ten Gurus and the Guru Granth Sahib 17B

Women Opportunities U.S. and Canada – There is equal opportunities for both men and women. Latin America – Equal education for women Increasing women’s role in politics. Europe – Northern Europe has more women political strength. Africa – North Africa has increasing women’s rights; jobs outside the home, equal pay, and they now have a say in marriages. The length of school attendance for women is increasing. Asia – Arabic women cover their head, hairs, and faces to please God. Women roles have expanded; they are more educated. South West Asia has a strict role of women in society; it is hard for them to get a job but shortages in workers has created opportunities. South Asia – - Pakistan women have to wear veils in public 17C

Multicultural Societies A multicultural society is a group of people with different cultures. Multicultural societies include differences in; - language - religion - beliefs - traditions - values 17D

Cultural Changes Caused by: - Constant immigration within the U.S. Push-Pull Factors Cultural Diffusion – the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behaviors. Innovation – taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet needs. Cultural Hearths such as: Indus River in S. Asia, Huang He in E. Asia, the Nile River in Africa, and the Tigris and Euphrates in the Southwest Asia. 18A

Causes of Conflicts Terrorism – the unlawful use of force or violence against individuals or property for the purpose of intimidating or causing fear politically or socially. Genocide means trying to destroy a group. Coalition – an alliance Ex: when the U.S. joined forces with nations such as Canada, China, G. Britain, Pakistan, Russia, and many more to fight the war against terrorism after 9/11. 18A

Maintaining Tradition Traditional Economy – goods and services being traded without the presence of money. Being geographically isolated from others can also be a way of maintaining tradition. Cultural Divergence 18C

Cultural Traits Diffusion – the spread of ideas, inventions, and behaviors. Cultural Convergence – the contact/interactions between two cultures. Cultural Divergence – the restrictions of cultures from outside influences. Latin America has shown little support for democratic rule until recently. Democracy is now seen by many countries as an essential part of equation needed to achieve widespread prosperity. 18D

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