Excel English: 3 rd Quarter

 Prose: written or SPOKEN language in its ordinary form  SPEECH: formal address delivered to an audience  RHETORIC: the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques

 Articulation: CLEAR and distinct speech  Cadence: rhythm or flow of speech  Connotation: what a word suggests or implies beyond its literal meaning

 Inflection: rising and falling in the pitch of a voice.  Pause: momentary stop to give additional emphasis  Projection: Directing the voice so it can be heard at a distance (speaking loudly)

 Parallelism: Repetition of a grammatical structure, sound and meaning  Repetition: Repeating a word/phrase to add a sense of balance and rhythm (anaphora)

 Reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination  freedom, respect, dignity, and economic and social equality

 American Baptist clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the African-American civil rights movement  Youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize (1964) for his work to end segregation and discrimination through civil disobedience and other non- violent means  assassinated on April 4, 1968

 Delivery of the speech on August 28, 1963, from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement.

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 Allusion: reference to a well-known  Metaphor: direct comparison  Repetition: to say again for emphasis  Parallelism: repetition of phrase  Dichotomy: contrast between two things that are opposed or entirely different  Alliteration: first consonant repeated  Juxtaposition: place or deal with close together for contrasting effect

 Lonnie Rashid Lynne Jr.  Hip hop artist and actor  Considered the “thinking man’s” rapper  criticized the path hip-hop music was taking

 “I Have a Dream”  Personification  Allusion  Alliteration  Dichotomy  Refrain

 44 th president of the United States; the first African American  previously served as the junior Senator from Illinois  Nobel Prize recipient 2009

 Addresses audience: “My fellow citizens” “humbled” and “grateful”  Invokes the past: “We the People”  Addresses crisis then motivates for solutions—NOW: “Today I say to you”  Directly addresses the country: “But know this, America”  Overarching phrase: “And yet at this moment—a moment that will define a generation…”

 “This is the..” corresponds to MLK’s “Now is the time…”  Invokes scripture and God  References the progress made in civil rights: (paragraph 34) “…why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.”

Two Histories

 Poetry in America  African American People  Cultural background + infusion of the history of a people  determination to express something about that history

 African American cultural movement of the 1920s-30s  Literary recognition  Artistic expression of the African American experience

 wrote novels, short stories, plays, and poetry  insightful, colorful portrayals of black life in America from the 20s through the 60s  wanted to tell the stories of his people in ways that reflected their actual culture, including both their suffering and their love of music, laughter, and language itself

 Speaks to black experience; suggests that black AND white experiences are part of the HUMAN experience  Variation: difference of condition  “Place in the sun”: freedom  Symbolism:  Sun/day: white  Night: cool, tender, black

 Color was a landmark of the Harlem Renaissance  careful, traditional style that celebrated black beauty and deplored the effects of racism

 Subjective w/traditional rhyme scheme  Paradox: “Diverse yet single”  Metaphor: “A little tent…All his little own.”  Personification: “Joy may be shy”; “Sorrow never scorned to speak”  Universal suffering: “Not me alone”  Allusion: Christ/”My sorry must be laid/On your head like a crown.”