Safety First pp x-xiii Safety Rules 1.Always get permission to start experiment. 2.Read procedure carefully. 3.Be aware of all safety symbols. 4.Keep your work area free of unnecessary books or papers. 5.Remove dangling jewelry; no open toe shoes, pull hair up and out of the way. 6.Avoid wearing hair spray and gels on lab days. 7.Avoid wearing contact lenses during labs using liquids. 8.Do not taste, eat or inhale any lab materials. 9.When in doubt about anything, ask the teacher. 10. Do not enter into the storage room without permission.

Vocabulary: Safety Symbols Page x-xiii Eye protection Clothing protection Hand safety Heating safety Electric safety Plant safety Sharp object Chemical safety Animal Safety

Classroom Safety Equipment Fire Blanket Eye Wash Station Glass Disposal Container Chemical Shower Goggle Eyewear Laboratory safety clothing (aprons, gloves)

Chapter 1: The World of Life Science Section 1.1 Vocabulary 1. Science – is a process of gathering knowledge about the natural world. Making observations Asking questions about the observations 2. There are 3 branches of science: LS, ES and PS 3. Life Science – the study of living things. Write 2 questions about the natural world. Journal Entry (Notes section in your binder) Explain why you think it’s important to ask questions?

Making Observations Making careful observations is often the first step in an investigation. We use our senses to gather information about the world around us. There are 2 types of observations.

Vocabulary 1. Qualitative observation: Provides a description to what is being examined.  Color, shape, texture, odor, taste, sound. 2. Quantitative: The observation is based on exact measurement of a particular specimen or object.

Observation #1 Directions: When making your observations think qualitatively and quantitatively. Use Hand Safety – Wash your hands at Station #11 When you finish. Procedure: Wash your hands if you pick up the insects or small animals Use the laboratory tools provided for you to make your observations. 1.Write down a description of what you see - be very specific in your words that you use. 2.Make an illustration (drawing of what you see) 3.Record your data in within your observation section. 4.Write 3 questions about the specimen you observed.

Section 2: Scientific Methods Section 2.2 Vocabulary 1.Scientific Method – is a step process used in science to answer questions and solve problems. 2.Hypothesis – an explanation that is used to explain observations and can be tested. 3.Constant– Things that are kept the same in the experiment. 4.Variables – a factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis. a. dependent – this is the variable that responds to the changes. b. independent – this is the variable that is manipulated in the experiment. Journal Entry (Notes section in your binder) If you lost something, how do you go about finding it?

2.2 Scientific Method What are the Scientific Methods? 1.Stating the problem – identifying a problem based on observations made that are not explainable. 2.Gather information – obtain as much information about the problem. 3.Form a Hypothesis – make a prediction that answers your questions.

4. Experiment – test your hypothesis to see if it supported or not supported by the data collected. a.Control setup – constant in the experiment. b.Experimental setup – Dependent and Independent variables. 5. Collect and analyze data – tables, charts or graphs are used to illustrate findings. 6. State a conclusion – This is explaining if your hypothesis was supported or not supported by the results found from the data collected. 7. Repeat your work – this is when you do the experiment over and over again to see if you obtain the same result.

Section 1.3 Scientific Models Vocabulary 1.Model – a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings o an object, system, or concept. 2.Theory – an explanation that ties together many hypotheses and observations. 3.Law – a summary of many experimental results and observations; a law tells how things work.

Section 1.4 Tools, Measurement, and safety Vocabulary 1.Technology – application of science for practical purposes; use of tools, machines, materials, and processes to meet human needs. 2.Compound light microscope – instrument that magnifies small object with the use of 2 lenses. 3.Electron microscopes – focuses a beam of electrons to magnify objects.

Tools, Measurement, and safety continued…… 4.International System of Units – SI a system of measurement that is used globally by all scientists. 5.Length – measures how long or short something is. Base unit is meter (m) 6.Volume – a measure of the size of body or region in three – dimensional space. Base unit is liter (L) 7.Mass – measures amount of matter within an object. Base unit is (g) 8.Temperature – measures how hot or cold something is. Base unit is (degree C) 9.Area – a measure of the size of a surface or a region.

Science Vocabulary 1. Investigate – to gain new knowledge using specific strategies. 2. Conduct – to manage or control something. 3. Hazardous – involves risk or danger 4. Formulate – to invent or come up with an idea. 5. Analyze – to discover essential features or the meaning of something 6. Evaluate - The skill of collecting and examining data to that helps explain the experiments results. 7. Critique - a serious examination and judgment of something 8. Ventilation - is movement of air into and outside the body

 Science  Life Science  Qualitative observation  Quantitative observation  Inference  Scientific Method  Hypothesis  Variable  Control Setup  Experimental Setup  Investigate  Inquiry  Consensus  Theory  Law  Model  Conduct  Hazardous  Formulate  Analyze  Evaluate  Critique  Ventilation  Length  Volume  Mass  Temperature  Area  Density  Displaced liquid Science Vocabulary

Bubbleology p. 32 Lab Manual Scientific Method Gathering Information Phases of matter: i.e., ice Solid liquid vapor (gas) Solid – has a definite Shape and does not change. Liquid – has a definite volume but conforms to the container. Gas – Particles takes on the shape and volume of its container.

Background Information: A special property of liquids is surface tension. The surface of the liquid behaves as an elastic membrane in which surface tension appears, allowing the formation of drops and bubbles.surface tensiondropsbubbles

Surface tension is caused by the attraction due to a positive charge at one end of a water molecule and negative charge at the other end. + water = ? What happens when soap is added to the water? When soap is added to the water, the two sided nature of its molecules creates important changes by lessening the water’s surface tension. In fact, soap reduces the water surface tension.

What is a bubble and how does soap help form bubbles? A bubble is a thin skin of liquid surrounding a gas, often time air. This thin skin, or in the case of soap bubbles, has elastic qualities; it can stretch. The soap film is composed of molecules of water and soap.

How does surface tension break? The reduction in surface tension that occurs when soap is added to water allows the water molecules to spread apart and form a bubble. Soap and water together are loose and elastic enough to be stretched into a bubble. Soap also slows down the evaporation of water; this is known a hygroscopic solution. This extends the life of a bubble.