Dr. Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION: THE CHALLENGE OF RAPID AND CHAOTIC URBANIZATION IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE TAKING ACTION ON TH E CAUSES OF URBAN CHAOS AND THE DIVIDED CITY By Dr. Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka Under-Seceretary-General of United Nations Executive Director of UN-HABITAT Director General of the United Nations Office at Nairobi

The Challenge: Rapid and Chaotic Urbanization GLOBAL POPULATION RURAL/URBAN RURAL 63% URBAN 37% RURAL 53% URBAN 47% RURAL 40% URBAN 60% Currently, rigorous transformations on the urban landscape are occurring basically all over the word. This planet is no longer a rural planet. Today more than half of mankind lives in cities or in urban conglomerations. The urbanisation trend is remarkably strong and every day the population of a city like Helsingborg or Bergen is added to the urban list. Globally, approximately 150,000 people become new urban citizens every day. Most of these are not migrants, but are born in the city. So 30 years ago every third person was urban, now every second and in only 30 years, two-thirds will be urban. This is the largest demographic change in the history of humankind, and that is not an overstatement. The urbanisation is not uniform. Urbanisation in Europe and much of the Americas is already fact, whereas Africa and large tracts of Asia are still predominantly rural. But not for long, as urbaisation increase can be measured to be 5 -6 % a year, wheras rural growth has come to a stand-still. We don't know how to deal with it. It has never happened before. We need to invent the urban future, its concept, human relations, and its environmental systems. "Business as usual" will not be good enough. 1970 2000 2030 2

The Challenge: Rapid Growth of Slums Population of The World 8 7 Billion people 6 5 4 3 2 The 2-3 billion people that are going to become urban over the coming 20 years, the slum dwellers out of them will increase from 1 billion – we have 1 billion slum dwellers today – ito some 1.4 billion with "business as usual", in 20 years. That is an increase of slum population corresponding to a Växjö a day.   The governments of the world have committed themselves to reduce this increase speed, maybe to reduce it or keep it at the 1 billion level in 20 years, and that means we add another 800 million to the modern sector of the future cities. So if we are successful in reducing the growth of slums, we will have to deal with an unprecedented urban planning and construction boom. 1 1850 1900 1950 2000 2020 2050 Year Rural population Urban population Urban slum population REF: UN-HABITAT, Global Urban Observatory 3

Total Number of the World’s Slum Dwellers: Distribution of Slum Population by Region (2001)

Slum Dwellers as a percentage of the Urban Population: By Region (2001)

The Rising Incidence of Disasters The number of recorded natural and human-made disaster events has increased dramatically in recent decades with much of this rise taking place in developing parts of the world, especially Asia and Africa. Cities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, as this is where much of the population growth over the next two decades will take place. Moreover, cities and human settlements continue to expand in coastal locations exposed to extreme weather related disasters. Within cities, slum dwellers are especially vulnerable to disasters as most live in more accessible (cheaper) yet hazardous locations in cities such as industrial waste sites, floodplains, riverbanks and steep slopes. Income generation is a more immediate concern for the urban poor than disaster risk as they chose to live in hazardous locations in order to access livelihood opportunities.

Natural and Human Made Disasters

250 hectares (2.5 square kilometers) 3 square meters per person The Challenge: Example of Kibera Slum, Nairobi 750,000 slum dwellers 250 hectares (2.5 square kilometers) 3 square meters per person 8

The Challenge: Example of Kibera Slum, Nairobi 9

SLUMS: DENSITY, HOUSING, HIV & ORPHANS, SANITATION, GARBAGE

Security of Tenure

UN-HABITAT’s strategy Short term – Slum upgrading Long term – Sustainable urban planning MDG Medium term – Pro-poor serviced land

MDG UN-HABITAT’s Strategy on Sustainable Urbanization Investments Adequate Shelter Women’s inheritance/ownership AG on forced evictions Cites Without Slums Program Tenure/property/rental rights Land Donor Coordination Legal reform MDG Investments SUF - The Slum Upgrading Facility Urban Governance Credits Economics Urban Water & Sanitation Urban Environment Urban Safety Sustainable Relief HIV/AIDS Designed to link normative qualities to large-scale urban investments Training of LA’s

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