National Seminar on Developing a Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey Devrim YAĞAN 10 September 2013 Ankara - Turkey

R&D Statistics (GERD & GBAORD) Overview Research and Development Ongoing studies - Intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) - Time-Use Survey for Higher Education Sector - Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (GBAORD) - GBORD vs Government-financed GERD Future plans National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

Research and Development Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D Concepts, Definitions and Classifications: Calculations based on Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on R&D -Frascati Manual, OECD, 2002 National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

R&D Statistics (ongoing studies) National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey Sector of performance Source of funds Type of costs Type of R&D Fields of science (FOS) Socio-economic objectives (NABS) Economic activity (NACE) Size class Sector of performance Occupation Qualification (ISCED) Gender Fields of science (FOS) Economic activity (NACE) Size class Socio-economic objectives (NABS) GERDR&D Personnel GBAORD

Intramural R&D Expenditure: Gross Expenditure in R&D (GERD) Coverage and statistical units: Business Enterprises (BES) – all enterprises that are known to perform R&D or to be potential R&D performers Government Institutions (GOVERD) – all government bodies Higher Education Sector (HES) – public and private universities and high-tech institutes Frequency: Annual Publishing: T+11 by Turkstat website National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

GERD GOVERD Mail survey Socio-economic objectives (NABS) HES -Administrative sources -Face-to-face interview Fields of Science (FOS) BES Face-to-face / web based survey Economic Activity (NACE Rev2) Data collection Classification

GERD Main Indicators: Expenditure - by sector of performance - by sources of funds - by type of costs - by Socio-economic objectives (NABS, for GOVERD) - by fields of science (FOS, for HES) - by economic activity (NACE Rev.2, for BES) R&D personnel - FTE - by sector of performance - by occupation - by sex - by qualification National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

Higher Education Sector Time-Use Survey Objective: Estimating shares of R&D in total activities in the higher education sector. The method based on researchers own evaluation of the distribution of their working time. Used to compile full-time equivalents (FTEs) of R&D personnel in Higher Education Sector Implemented in 2005 Web-based sample survey The results (FTE values for researchers) are available for 6 fields of sciences and 9 academic titles National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (GBAORD) Another method to evaluate the role of governments R&D activities: GBAORD is a measuring method of R&D to be based on budget data and covering intramural and extramural expenditures of government. This method covers following activities: - R&D activities realized in government institutions and financed by government, - R&D activities realized in business sector, private non-profit sector and higher education and financed by government, - R&D activities realized in abroad and financed by government. National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

GBAORD Coverage and data sources: Only the central government institutions / organizations covered, local governments and State-Owned Enterprises are not included. Main data source is the related year budget law. Undersecretariat for Defence Industries and the Ministry of Finance General Directorate of Revenue Policies data are also used. The results of Higher-Education Sector R&D Activities Survey conducted by TurkStat in 2005 are used to determine R&D expenditures of the General University Funds transferred to the Higher-Education Sector. Frequency: Annual National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

GBAORD Publishing: Provisional GBAORD (T-6): Based on initial budget appropriations Final GBAORD (T+6): Based on actual outlays National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

GBAORD vs Government-Financed GERD Two alternative ways to of measuring how much governments spend on R&D: Based on retrospective R&D surveys: Government-Financed GERD Based on Budget estimations: GBAORD Differencies between these two methods: Government-financed GERD data are based on reports by R&D performers, whereas GBAORD is based on reports by funders. The GERD-based series cover only R&D performed on national territory whereas GBAORD also includes payments to foreign performers, including international organisations. Government-financed GERD should include R&D financed by central, provincial and local government, whereas GBAORD excludes local government and provincial government. National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey

Future Plans Revising the Time-Use Survey for Higher Education Sector: Expanding coverage: Technicians and other supporting staff will also be included The new personnel database of The Council of Higher Education will be used National Seminar on Developing A Program for the Implementation of the 2008 SNA and Supporting Statistics in Turkey 10 September 2013 / Ankara - Turkey