Thursday, January 24th Bell-Ringer: Please take out your notes from last class, Chapter 6, and Chapter 7. On a scrap sheet of paper somewhere, take 3-4 minutes to respond to the following questions: Will the U.S. always be a world power? What might eventually lead to its fall from power? When do you think that might happen?

Daily Agenda: Bell-Ringer: Quickwrite Word of the Day  circumvent The Conrad-Demarest Model of Empire Review Quiz: Chapters 6 and 7 Tutorial Tutorial Reflection Homework: Read Chapter 10 and take reading notes. Complete

“Read-Aloud“ Thurs. Jan 24 Day 3, Period 1 CIRCUMVENT: To circle around and therefore bypass; to avoid by artful maneuvering During the 1920’s, Al Capone and other gangsters built profitable illegal businesses by CIRCUMVENTING prohibition laws. Today, illegal businesses continue to CIRCUMVENT our laws. For example, drug lords annually smuggle over 100 tons of cocaine and other illegal drugs into the United States. Sometimes nations CIRCUMVENT international law. Iran signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1970. Nonetheless, many believe that the Iranian government is now CIRCUMVENTING the international agreements by secretly developing a program to build nuclear weapons. “Read-Aloud“ Thurs. Jan 24 Day 3, Period 1

“Odd Word Out“ Day 3, Period 2 CIRCUMVENT: To circle around and therefore bypass; to avoid by artful maneuvering Determine which is the “odd word out” and state why it does not belong with the others. outwit elude evade obey “Odd Word Out“ Day 3, Period 2

“Odd Word Out“ Day 3, Period 2 Answer outwit elude evade obey-obey is an antonym for CIRCUMVENT. The other three words are synonyms. “Odd Word Out“ Day 3, Period 2

How does it relate to circumvent?

Conrad-Demarest Model of Empires How can historians explain the rise and fall of empire? AP World History Unit 2

The Conrad-Demarest Model The term “empire” was first used in 1297 to describe territory made up of formerly independent states. Today, it refers to a politically unified state in which one people dominate their neighbors. Usually this occurs militarily, but can also happen through diplomacy, religion or trade. In 1984, Historians Geoffrey Conrad and Arthur Demarest created a model to understanding empire in their book Religion and Empire: The Dynamics of Aztec and Inca Expansionism.

Pre-Conditions for Empire State level government. High agricultural potential. Environmental diversity. Several small states with no dominate power. Mutual hostility between small states. Adequate military resources.

Pre-Conditions for Empire State level government. 4 empires ruled 558 BCE to 651CE. High agricultural potential. Alfalfa fed to horses made them stronger. Environmental diversity. Environmental mosaic: mountains, valley plateaus, jungles, deserts, arable lands, bordered many seas. Several small states with no dominate power. Mesopotamian states ripe for conquest. Mutual hostility between small states. Adequate military resources. Equestrian skills and horses.

Persian Imperial Government Capital at Persepolis. 23 regional satrapies appointed by emperor. Locals appointed to serve as satraps. Audits by roving bands of government spies. Military officers to keep regions honest. Regulated taxes and standardized laws. Built good roads for communication and control. Courier service with horses, could travel one week from one end of the empire to the other. Policy of toleration of local beliefs.

State Ideology Supports: Personal identification with the state. Belief in the empire. Military conquest to expand empire. Militarism: Glorification of the ideals of a professional military class. Predominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state. A policy in which military preparedness is of primary importance to a state.

State Ideology Supports: Personal identification with the state. Belief in the empire. Zoroastrianism and Darius. Military conquest to expand empire. Continual expansion by conquest: Egypt, Anatolia, Thrace, Macedonia, Indus River Valley. Militarism: Glorification of the ideals of a professional military class. Warrior class most important. Predominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state. A policy in which military preparedness is of primary importance to a state.

Characteristics of an Empire Building roads and transportation networks. Trade increases. Cosmopolitan cities, art, and education. Bureaucracy, taxes, coinage, and imperial laws enforced. Official language. Law and justice. Standards over conquered people.

Characteristics of an Empire Building roads and transportation networks. Royal road and canals. Trade increases. Largest empire of its time period, expanded from East Asia to Europe to Northern Africa. Protected trade internally. Cosmopolitan cities, art, and education. Persepolis was home to a variety of international neighborhoods Bureaucracy, taxes, coinage, and imperial laws enforced. Official language. Persian language was the official language. Law and justice. Standards over conquered people. Equal treatment of the people they conquered. Freeing the Jews. Hated Greeks, but respected their knowledge.

Results of Empires Economic rewards. Stability and prosperity. Regular taxes from satraps replaced intermittent tributes. Stability and prosperity. Royal roads, peace, standardized coins fostered increased trade. Population increase. Governed 35 million subjects.

Reasons for Downfall Failure of leadership. Overextension. Failure to continue expansion undermines government support. Rebellions.

Reasons for Downfall Failure of leadership. Overextension. Xerxes harshly crushed rebellions in Mesopotamia leading to a reputation for cruelty Overextension. Failure to continue expansion undermines government support. Persian Wars vs. Greek city-states. Rebellions. Parthians rebelled against Seleucids. Alexander the Great of Macedonia. Rome in 280 CE. Rise of Islam in 651 CE.

Project: The Conrad-Demarest Model Now that you have seen an example, do you feel that the model works as an explanation for the rise and fall of empire? To further test the model, you will be researching the characteristics of Classical Greece, Rome, and China. In each case, you will examine how closely the empire matches the Conrad-Demarest Model. Ultimately, you will use your research to write an essay evaluating the model.

Review Quiz Please log-on to your computer and visit the class wiki. (chswhap.wikispaces.com). On the Bell-Ringers and Daily Agendas page you will find a hyperlink to your review quiz. Click on the link, enter your name, and take the quiz. You may use your notes, but you only have 10 minutes.