Optimised Parameters of Pharmacy Robotic System (PRS) For Hospital and Polyclinic Pharmacies Siang Li CHUA Health Services & Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group Background A Pharmacy Robotic System (PRS), to replace manual drug picking and packing at a hospital outpatient pharmacy, was being designed to improve patient safety. As the robot can be a common system for the institutions and polyclinics, purchasing a few systems will be more cost effective provided that the designed robot can meet the requirements of all sites. Objective Different specifications of a robotic system yield distinict outcomes. Simulation models are cost-effective and flexible tools that is able to provide such pre-designed specifications of a new system. The objective of this study is to determine the speed of a common PRS so as to achieve Wait Time (WT) target of each of the four hospitals and two polyclinic pharmacies. Data For each site, one or two months of historical data (between Jan to Mar 06) of patients’ ticket issue times, pharmacy WT and turnaround time (TAT) from the system, staff schedule and process service times were collected and were analysed to quantify: a) Demand: Total number of drugs dispensed daily (Figure 1) and the number of items per prescription (Figure 2). b)Rate of demand: Half-hourly prescription arrival rate at the pharmacy counter (Figure 3). c) Supply: Number of each staff type on-duty every half-an-hour. The staff type are prescription transcribers, packer, checker and dispenser. d)Rate of dispensing and billing: Time taken to transcribe prescriptions into the system, packing, checking and dispensing of drugs, and paying bills. These times were manually recorded and noted by the staff. Results Data analysis showed that the average number of items dispensed daily at the 6 pharmacies ranged from 681 to At four sites, 27% to 38% of their prescriptions are 1-item prescription while at the other two sites, they have 2-item prescription at 23% to 27%. The average number of daily prescriptions ranged from 222 to 960. Site 1has the most number of items dispensed and prescriptions daily. The simulation model showed that Site 1 needs the fastest machine and it determine the overall speed design of the robot. See Table 1. To implement a common PRS system across the four hospitals and 2 polyclinics, PRS packing speed has to be 9 seconds per item so that all pharmacies can meet the targeted WT. Conclusion The work group is sourcing for a 9-seconds per item robot. Contact details: Chua Siang Li, Office: / Method Twelve simulation models, two at each site, were built to study the existing process and process with PRS. In the existing system, once the patient obtained the queue number, the prescription would be manually transcribed into the system. The drugs would be manually packed, checked and dispensed. With PRS, each item would be machined packed and consolidated by prescription. Each packed prescription is then manually assembled, checked and dispensed. WT is from the time the patient arrives till the time he is called for dispensed. Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the simulation model of current process and process with PRS of Site 1 respectively. Figure 4. Simulation model of current manual process (Site 1) Figure 5. Simulation model of process with PRS (Site 1) Table 1. Simulation results (in last row) Figure 1. Daily average total items dispensed Figure 3. Daily average number of patients arriving at the pharmacy every half-an-hour on weekday Figure 2. Percentage on Number of Items in a Prescription SiteSite 1Site 2Site 3Site 4Site 5Site 6 Daily average total items dispensed Most frequent number of items per prescription and its percentage 1 (37.6%) 2 (25.6%) 2 (22.9%) 1 (33.0%) 1 (32.3%) 1 (26.7%) Daily average number of prescription 960 (Mar 06) 713 (Feb 06) 704 (Feb- Mar 06) 600 (Jan 06) 402 (Mar 06) 222 (Mar 06) Manual process Transcribe prescription  man pack  sort  check  dispense Transcribe prescription  man pack  check  dispense Man pack  check  dispense Process with PRS Transcribe Prescription  PRS pack  check  dispense PRS pack check  dispense WT target30 mins for 95th percentile 20 min max 20 min 80th %tile Desired PRS service time/ item 9 seconds 12 seconds 11 seconds 14 seconds 16 seconds 25 seconds