Photography

View Camera 8 x 10 4 x 5 Camera is usually referred to by the size of film

Twins Lens Reflex TLR

Rangefinder Camera Viewfinder Camera

Single Lens reflex camera SLR

Focal Plane Shutter Leaf Shutter Found in most film and digital SLR Cameras.

Reading the light meter

Shutter Speed 1/30 of a second 1/500 of a second

Panning 1/30 of a second

Shutter Speeds

Using the shutter Speed to express Movement.

The Aperture acts like an iris The Aperture controls amount of light entering the Camera and the Depth of Field

Aperture Controls the Depth of Field Depth of Field - Area of the picture that is in focus

Depth of Field Area in the picture that is in focus Controlled by distance from subject

Controlled by Distance Controlled by Aperture

Depth of Field Controlled by the focal length size (type) of lens

A given type of film always needs an exact amount of light for a proper exposure. As a photographer you determine the way the film receives the light by combining fstops and shutter speeds to give the picture the effect you want.

Combining Shutter Speed and Aperture for desired effect

Time and Temperature Greatly affect the results when developing a negative

Full Tonal Range

Metering A light meter always wants to give you an average reading or middle grey.

Backlighting Take the meter reading from the subject 1/250 1/60

Light meters IncidentReflective

Example of glass in a wide angle lens Example of "wide angle" distortion by an 18 mm lens on a 35 mm camera.

Telephoto lens 300mm Compresses space mm telephoto lens with extension tub

Focal Length

Polarizing Filter Reduce reflections on water, glass or any smooth surface except Metal or mirror.

Focal length and distortion Long lens, moderate distance from subject Short lens, close to subject

24mm 35mm 50mm 100mm 200mm 800mm 400mm 1200mm Focal Length These eight photos were taken from the same place with different lenses. Longs Peak from Upper Beaver Meadows in Rocky Mountain National Park

Polarizing Filter and the sky Mid day 90° to the sun

Subtractive Color - determined by the reflection of light waves to the eye Mixing paint pigments is a subtractive color system

Each secondary color is composed of equal amounts of adjacent primary colors. G + R = Y R + B = M G + B = C Each color is complementary to the color opposite. Primary colors of light Additive Colour R G B

In 1666, Isaac Newton passed a beam of sunlight through a glass prism breaking it into a rainbow of colors that form the visible spectrum. He then passed the rainbow through a second prism converting the colors back into white light. When light is refracted each wavelength is bent to a different degree separating the light into different bands of color. It is the wavelength of light that determines its color.

Colour is determined by the light temperature. Film must be balanced for the light source or coloured filters must be used to achieve realistic colour. Daylight film is balanced for 5500 K Indoor film or tungsten colour film is balanced for 3400 K type A or 3200 K type B

Time of day determines colour and drama of image. SunriseOne hour later Midday, sunnyMidday, overcastLate afternoon

Tungsten Film Daylight Film Daylight/ daylight film Tungsten/ Tungsten film Daylight/ Tungsten film Tungsten/ Daylight film 85B 80A

Use FL-D /daylight film Use FL-B /tungsten film Florescent light is very difficult to balance, as currently there are many types of fl. bulbs on the market. Turn off all fluorescents whenever possible ! Old fashioned, standard florescent bulbs.