Body types Optimum weight Weight-related conditions Performance enhancing drugs Recreational drugs Risk assessment & injury prevention

Different Body Types Somatotypes (body build/physique) Measurements taken from height, weight, bone size, muscle girth and fat Endomorph (Mr Roberts!) Mesomorph (Mr Haycock!) Ectomorph (Mr Bidgood!) Certain body types are particularly suited to different sports! 2

Different Body Types Endomorph Characteristics: Fatness, round body shape, large build. Effect on sport: often not suited to endurance events, most commonly found in events requiring large body mass and strength, such as sumo. 3

Different Body Types Mesomorph Characteristics: muscular, broad shoulders, triangular body shape Effect on sport: Most sportsmen are mesomrophs as most sports require strength and power. Strongmen and sprinters are good examples. 4

Different Body Types Ectomorph Characteristics: Thin, lean, low body fat levels Effect on sport: often found competing in endurance events such as the marathon and sports requiring a light body such as jockey 5

Optimum Weight Factors affecting optimum weight: Height Gender Bone Structure Muscle Girth Genetics 6

Optimum weight in sport Varies widely according to the sport; rugby and horseracing, for example, have quite different requirements. A forward in rugby; need muscular strength & power, so large muscle girth. A jockey; short with small bone structure & minimum amount of muscle. Some people need to lose weight to reach their optimum weight (e.g. boxing) 7

Weight-related conditions Anorexic – a prolonged eating disorder due to the loss of appetite and a desire to not become overfat or obese/desire to become thin. Underweight – weighing less than is normal, healthy or required. Overweight - having weight in excess of normal. Not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness Overfat – having too much body composition as fat Obese –describes people who are very overfat. 8

Performance Enhancing Drugs ANABOLIC STEROIDS BETA BLOCKERS DIURETICS NARCOTIC ANALGESICS STIMULANTS PEPTIDE HORMONES 9

Performance Enhancing Drugs ANABOLIC STEROIDS: Increase muscle mass & develop bone growth BETA BLOCKERS: Help maintain a low HR and lower b.p DIURETICS: To increase the amount of urine production 10

Performance Enhancing Drugs NARCOTIC ANALGESICS: They give relief from painful injuries STIMULANTS: They increase alertness PEPTIDE HORMONES: Same as Anabolic Steroids, specific hormone EPO increases red blood cell production. 11

Recreational Drugs Smoking – Damages heart and lungs and raises blood pressure, increased risk of cancer, heart disease Reduces bodies ability to carry oxygen so performers suffer from fatigue and loss of breath more easily. Alcohol – Can cause damage to the liver and brain cells and increase likelihood of dehydration It may affect performance by impairing judgments, slowing reaction times and causing dehydration, it is commonly used as a sedative in sports such as archery to improve performance. 12

Risk assessment & prevention of injury How can we make activities safe? Warming up/cooling down Checking equipment & facilities Protective equipment & clothing Appropriate footwear Balanced competition – (weight categories/mixed or single sex/age/handicap system) Playing to the rules of competition 13