Introduction to Microscopy. Types of Microscopes Dissection or Stereoscope Dissection or Stereoscope SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscope) SEM ( Scanning.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Microscopy

Types of Microscopes Dissection or Stereoscope Dissection or Stereoscope SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscope) SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscope) TEM ( Transmission Electron Microscope) TEM ( Transmission Electron Microscope) Compound ( Light) Microscope*** Compound ( Light) Microscope***

Difference between Magnification and Resolution Magnification: is just power of an instrument to enlarge things... Just as you would increase the size of a picture in your PC by zoom function. It would enlarge it... Magnification: is just power of an instrument to enlarge things... Just as you would increase the size of a picture in your PC by zoom function. It would enlarge it... Resolution : is power to show two closely situated particles as different... that obviously improves quality of the picture.. Resolution : is power to show two closely situated particles as different... that obviously improves quality of the picture.. The magnification of human eye is 1 and the resolution is 1 micrometer. i.e. The eye does not magnify a thing and two particles spaced at a distance of 1 micrometer will be able to be seen different. No wonder objects closer than this will be seen as one. The magnification of human eye is 1 and the resolution is 1 micrometer. i.e. The eye does not magnify a thing and two particles spaced at a distance of 1 micrometer will be able to be seen different. No wonder objects closer than this will be seen as one. Human hair: 50 micrometers Human hair: 50 micrometers

Dissection or Stereoscope Used to get a better look at a larger specimen Used to get a better look at a larger specimen Low magnification- 10X- 40X Low magnification- 10X- 40X 3-D image 3-D image Light illuminated Light illuminated

Dissection Microscope

Spider- Dissection Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope SEM Used to examine very small, multicellular, anatomical structures Used to examine very small, multicellular, anatomical structures 3-D structures 3-D structures Specimen is coated with metal Specimen is coated with metal Electron beam is swept across specimen causing electrons from specimen to get excited causing secondary electrons to be emitted and collected Electron beam is swept across specimen causing electrons from specimen to get excited causing secondary electrons to be emitted and collected Electrons are detected and an image is created Electrons are detected and an image is created High Magnification/High Resolution High Magnification/High Resolution

Scanning Electron Microscope

Human Egg Sitting on the point of a pin- Follicle cell to nurture cell Scanning Electron Microscope

Magnification: X 500 Black Widow Spider Claw Scanning Electron Microscope

Mascara brush with mascara and flakes of skin-50X Scanning Electron Microscope

Velcro- hook and loop-35X

Transmission Electron Microscope Works similar to a slide projector: beam of electrons ( not light) passes through specimen and projected on screen below. Works similar to a slide projector: beam of electrons ( not light) passes through specimen and projected on screen below. 2-D view of internal organelles 2-D view of internal organelles Specimen sliced thin Specimen sliced thin Very high resolution and high magnification. Much higher than a compound microscope Very high resolution and high magnification. Much higher than a compound microscope

Transmission Electron Microscope

Normal CollagenDegenerating Collagen A pair of images of collagen fibrils in the eye of a patient with glaucoma revealed.. Transmission Electron Microscope

Cell undergoing Apoptosis- committing suicide Transmission Electron Microscope

Compound Light Microscope Light Illuminated Light Illuminated Image is 2-D Image is 2-D High Magnification but low resolution High Magnification but low resolution View cells that are living- example algae View cells that are living- example algae Tissue samples may be sectioned, stained and put onto a slide Tissue samples may be sectioned, stained and put onto a slide There are several different magnification lenses There are several different magnification lenses

Frog’s blood- 400X Magnified Compound Light Microscope

Frog’s Blood- 1000X Magnified Compound Light Microscope

What is visible with a Compound Light Microscope?visible Animal CellPlant CellBacterium Cell MembraneCell Wall It's SO SMALL, all you will see is The Cell Envelope (Composed of, from the inside/out a cell membrane, a cell wall, and in some species, a capsule.) CytoplasmCell Membrane Nuclear Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Chromatin (Its in there, even if you can't see the detail!) Nucleus Chromatin Chloroplast

high=40X; low=10X; scanning=4X changes objective lenses directs light into microscope focuses light amount of light entering the microscope brings object into slow focus look through; lens is 10X carry and support supports slide; positions slide brings object into rapid focus

Type of Light Microscopy IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE Specific molecules are located within the cell by an antibody produced against the molecule of interest. Specific molecules are located within the cell by an antibody produced against the molecule of interest. The antibody- fluor attaches to the molecule and under a light microscope the molecule can be observed. The antibody- fluor attaches to the molecule and under a light microscope the molecule can be observed. This can be used in order to see whether certain molecules are present or not present and at what concentration. This can be used in order to see whether certain molecules are present or not present and at what concentration.

Telomeres on Metaphase Chromosomes