Vegetable Crops –PLSC 451/551 Lecture 11, Irish or White Potato Instructor: Dr. Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID 83210.

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Presentation transcript:

Vegetable Crops –PLSC 451/551 Lecture 11, Irish or White Potato Instructor: Dr. Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID Phone: Fax:

Idaho Potato Field – Modern Intensive Production

Organic/ Market Garden Production

Ecuador – Subsistence Production

Potato Taxonomy Dicotyledon Family: Solanaceae Genus and species: Solanum tuberosum gp tuberosum gp andigena Related species: tomato, pepper, tobacco, nightshade

Potato andigena characteristics: Short-day adapted Extremely variable Some high in alkaloids

Potato tuberosum characteristics: Day-neutral Narrow genetic base Market-based variability Low in alkaloids

Potato Domestication Harvested and/or cultivated in the Peruvian Andes 10,000 years ago Spread to most of South America by 1000 AD Imported into Europe by Spanish around 1570 Brought to North America from Europe around 1720 Spread to much of the world by 1800 (Became popular because of ability to survive war)

Potato South AmericanVarieties Derived from several local wild species

Potato North American and World Varieties Derived from European accessions (late 1700s)

Potato Use and importance Ranks as 4 th most important food crop (most important of dicots) Dry matter production/unit area exceeds wheat, barley and maize World production is nearly 30 million mt

World Production – Modern Intensive

World Production – Total

Potato Consumer use Industrial countries 30% of production Fresh market boiled, fried and baked products for home and restaurant use

Potato Consumer use Industrial countries 60% of production Processed french fries and other frozen/fried products, potato chips, dehydrated products, canned, starch products, other

Potato Consumer use Developing countries Fresh preparation boiled and fried for home use

Potato Consumer use Developing countries Processed Home-made potato flour products, glass noodles, tunta and chuno

Potato Making chuno and tunta

Potato Adaptation Climate Cool, temperate, moist Equatorial highlands High deserts (irrigated) Winter seasons in hot climates

Potato Propagation Clonal system Seed quality Certification

Potato Production – Stand establishment Seed preparation cut vs whole seed seed treatments chitting

Potato Diseases Fungal Bacterial Viral Potatoes are susceptible to many diseases at all stages of growth and storage, making control an important production consideration

Potato Diseases Fungal Late blight

Potato Diseases Fungal Verticillium wilt

Potato Diseases Fungal Early blight

Potato Diseases Fungal Fusarium dry rot

Potato Diseases Bacterial Ring rot

Potato Diseases Bacterial Soft rot

Potato Diseases Bacterial Common scab

Potato Diseases Viral Leafroll

Potato Diseases Viral Potato Virus Y

Potato Disease control Fungal diseases Fungicides, crop rotation, genetic resistance Bacterial diseases Sanitation, proper healing Viral diseases Vector control, seed certification, genetic resistance

Potato Weed control Hoeing Mechanical cultivation Herbicides

Potato Insects Colorado potato beetle Green peach aphid Wireworm Nematodes

Potato Insect Control Natural predators Physical methods Insecticides

Potato Harvest Maturation Minimizing injury

Potato Postharvest handling and storage Cooling Wound healing

Potato Storage and Quality Maintenance Temperature Humidity Sprout inhibition

Potato Quality Based on: Tuber size distribution Tuber conformation Overall appearance Tuber solids (or specific gravity) Tuber sugar content

Potato Use Suitability Best use based on tuber starch content (specific gravity): Boiling and canning Baking and boiling French frying and baking Chipping and french frying

Potato – Modern Intensive Mechanization Expense

Potato – Modern Intensive Variety Selection Based on end use

Potato – Modern Intensive Seed Management

Potato – Modern Intensive Fertilization Inorganic sources Seasonal applications

Potato – Modern Intensive Pest and weed control Crop rotation Pesticides Green manures Mechanical control

Potato – Modern Intensive Storage – 12 month supply

Potato – Modern Intensive Storage temperature considerations

Potato – Organic/Market Garden Variety Selection Based on: Market preference Resistance to pests

Potato – Organic/Market Garden Seed management Single drop seed Certified seed Sanitation

Potato – Organic/Market Garden Fertilization Applications of: Organic matter Organic supplements Green Manures Rotation with legumes

Potato – Organic/Market Garden Disease Control Certified seed Genetic resistance Avoidance (location) Sanitation Crop rotations Approved fungicides

Potato – Organic/Market Garden Insect Control Exclusion Flaming Predators Approved insecticides

Potato – Organic/Market Garden Weed control Avoidance Weed bank control Cultivation Manual

Potato – Subsistence Variety selection Dependability Resistance Personal choice

Potato – Subsistence Seed management Whole seed Short dormancy Return planting

Potato – Subsistence Pest management Use of land races Elimination

Potato – Subsistence Storage Clamp systems Home processing Ground storage