M ALE R EPRODUCTIVE S YSTEM Robert Scranton ©2009

T HE P ARTS Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis

T ESTES  Name the layers covering the testes from outer to inner  ____________  ________________  _________________  ______________ Scrotum Tunica Vaginalis Tunica albuginea Mediastinum Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis

T ESTES  The tunica vaginalis is made of a ________ and _______ ______ __________.  The tunica albuginea is a ________ __________ __________ ______.  Mediastinum  Where is it found? __________________________  What does it contain? ________ parietal membrane serous Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis visceral dense irregular connectivetissue Posterior expansion of tunica albuginea Rete testes

Identify Mediastinum Seminiferous tubules Testicular Septae Testicular Lobule Tunica albuginea

T ESTES  The testicular parenchyma is composed of the:  ___________________  _______________ Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Seminiferous tubules Leydig Cells Spermatozoa Androgens (testosterone) The main functions of the testes, a compund _________ gland, are ___________& _________________. tubular reproduction hormone production

S EMINIFEROUS T UBULES Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Composed of __________ & ___________ germ cellssertoli cells Germ Cells Spermatogonia Divide mitotically  Spermatogonia (spermatocytogenesis) Divide meiotically  primary spermatocytes

S EMINIFEROUS T UBULES Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Composed of __________ & ___________ germ cellssertoli cells Germ Cells Spermatogonia1° Spermatocyte2° Spermatocyte Spermatids Spermatids: Post-meiotic Haploid cells In process of spermiogenesis

S EMINIFEROUS T UBULES Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Composed of __________ & ___________ germ cellssertoli cells Germ Cells Spermatogonia1° Spermatocyte2° Spermatocyte Spermatids Process of Spermiogenesis: Condensation of the nucleus Reduction of cytoplasm volume Formation of an acrosome Formation of the flagellum

S EMINIFEROUS T UBULES Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Composed of __________ & ___________ germ cellssertoli cells Germ Cells Spermatogonia1° Spermatocyte2° Spermatocyte Spermatids Spermatozoa (male gamete) Q:What is the significance of the syncytium between the germ cells from a single spermatogonium? A: These small intercellular bridges allow for the synchronization of meiotic division of these cells.

Germ Cells Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis

Leydig Cells Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis ( interstitial ) Describe the morphology: Eosinophilic cytoplasm lots of mitochondria Reinke crystals Tubular cristi and lots of smooth ER Cytoplasmic location increase with age found in 50% of leydig cell tumors Stimulated by: LH

Sertoli Cells Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis

Sertoli Cells Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis The Facts- Short & Sweet Describe the morphology: On the outside of the seminiferous tubule Basal end lines the basement membrane Apical surfaces form the luminal margin Nucleus located basally, triangular shape, prominent nucleolus Describe the hormone interactions: Produce mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF) Stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Describe the functions: Blood-testis barrier Phagocytosis Synthesis and secretion of inhibin Synthesis of androgen-binding protein Aromatization of androgen to estrogen

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Tubili rectiRete testesEfferent ductules EpididymusVas deferensEjaculatory ductsUrethra Starting with the seminiferous tubules, trace the ducts to the external environment

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Tubili recti sertoli cells only Describe each segment

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Tubili rectiRete testes Describe each segment Simple Cuboidal cells within the mediastinum

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Tubili rectiRete testesEfferent ductules Describe each segment short ducts Simple cuboidal cells  Columnar cells  thin band of circular smooth muscle on outside Secretory action Ciliated

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Tubili rectiRete testesEfferent ductules Epididymus Describe each segment Proximally  Distally  Circular smooth muscle becomes thicker Sympathetic innervation Spermatozoa become functionally mature Decapacitation of spermatozoa Tall pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia Short pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Tubili rectiRete testesEfferent ductules EpididymusVas deferens Short pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ stereocilia inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers mucosal folds distal dilation  sympathetic innervation Describe each segment ampulla of vas deferens

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Tubili rectiRete testesEfferent ductules EpididymusVas deferens found within the prostate gland simple cuboidal epithelium Describe each segment Ejaculatory ducts

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis Tubili rectiRete testesEfferent ductules EpididymusVas deferens Part of reproductive and urinary system Three sections: Describe each segment Ejaculatory ductsUrethra 1.Prostatic  2.Membraneous  3.Penile  Transitional epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium in the glans

1. Seminiferous Tubules2. Straight Tubules3. Rete Testes 4. Efferent Ductules5. Epididymus 6. Vas Deferens (20x below) 7. Ejaculatory Duct (no image) 8. Urethra (no image)

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis 1.Seminal Vesicles 2.Prostate gland 3.Bulbourethral glands 4.Glands of Littre Name the accessory glands

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis 1.Seminal Vesicles 2.Prostate gland 3.Bulbourethral glands 4.Glands of Littre Drain into the _________________. Lined by __________ ______ _______. Epithelium secretion is composed of ______, _______, and ________. The secretion is ____% of the volume of ejaculate. The vesicles have a smooth muscle wall and sympathetic innervation. ampulla of the vas deferens Pseudostratified columnar epithelium fructosefibrinogen ascorbic acid70

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis 1.Seminal Vesicles 2.Prostate gland 3.Bulbourethral glands 4.Glands of Littre Central and peripheral zones AKA “periurethral”- Benign prostatic hypertrophy Prostatic adenocarcinoma

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis 1.Seminal Vesicles 2.Prostate gland 3.Bulbourethral glands 4.Glands of Littre Parenchyma _______________, draining into the ______ ______. Secretion contains _____, ______, and ___________. PSA- responsible for _______ of semen. Production is stimulated by sex steroids (____) Stroma- __________ + __________ branched tubuloalveolar glands Prostatic urethra choline citric acid acid phosphatase liquifaction DHT Fibroelastic CT smooth muscle

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis 1.Seminal Vesicles 2.Prostate gland 3.Bulbourethral glands 4.Glands of Littre For those that got a little lost on the last slide…… PSA implies _____ or ____________ Prostatic (serum) acid phosphatase implies ___________ BPHProstatic Cancer

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis 1.Seminal Vesicles 2.Prostate gland 3.Bulbourethral glands 4.Glands of Littre Paired glands secreting _____ Found in the ___________ Drain into _________________ mucus UG diaphragm Proximal penile urethra

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis 1.Seminal Vesicles 2.Prostate gland 3.Bulbourethral glands 4.Glands of Littre Branched tubuloalveolar glands Secrete lubricating mucus into penile urethra

Testes Excretory Ducts Accessory Glands Penis __ masses of erectile tissue covered by ____________ __ Corpora cavernosa __ Corpus spongiosum 3 Fibroelastic CT + Glans Penis 2 1 Erectile tissue = Fibrous network of trabeculae Venous sinusoids AKA lacuna Helicine arterioles