The Cytoskeleton... Is a supportive meshwork of fine fibers inside eukaryotic cells Provides structural support Is involved in cell movement and movement.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Cytoskeleton & Extracellular Components The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that extend through the cytoplasm in the cell. There are 3 basic structures.
Advertisements

Cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm that is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton.
Cytoskeleton Providing structural support to the cell, the cytoskeleton also functions in cell motility and regulation.
Concept 4.6: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers extending.
Bio 178 Lecture 9 Cell Structure Copyright: E.G. Platzer.
A Tour of the Cell, cont… Last Time: The Nucleus and the Endomembrane System Today: Other Organelles and the Cytoskeleton.
7/13/2015 The cytoskeleton The cell surface and junctions.
The eukaryotic cytoplasm has a set of long, thin fibers called the cytoskeleton, which plays three important roles in cellular structure and function:
Cytoskeleton, Cell Walls, & ECM
Chapter 7. The Cell: Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton Structure Determines Function Kyndal Goodwin – B3.
CHAPTER 7 A TOUR OF THE CELL Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section F: The Cytoskeleton 1.Providing structural.
Concept 6.6: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers extending.
Tour of the Cell 3 Cells gotta work to live! What jobs do cells have to do? – make proteins proteins control every cell function – make energy for daily.
CYTOSKELETON AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX Block 5 Erik Kessler, Michael O’Brien, Bryan Richman.
 Network of protein fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm  Function in providing for both structural support and cell motility  Require interaction.
Bell Work What is a centriole? What is the nucleolus?
Chapter 4: Mini Lecture. Concept 4.4 The Cytoskeleton Provides Strength and Movement The cytoskeleton: Supports and maintains cell shape Holds.
BIOLOGY CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS Fourth Edition Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
AP Biology Tour of the Cell 3 AP Biology Cells gotta work to live!  What jobs do cells have to do?  make proteins  proteins control every.
Cytoskeleton & Extracellular Components The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that extend through the cytoplasm in the cell. There are 3 basic structures.
How do cells maintain structure, connections & organize activities?
The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm. The cytoskeleton organizes the structures and activities of the cell. Introduction.
AP Biology Chapter 7. The Cell: Cytoskeleton AP Biology Cytoskeleton  Function  structural support  maintains shape of cell  provides anchorage for.
Cell Organelles Lindsey Bily Anatomy & Physiology Austin High School.
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert.
Cytoskeleton Means “cell skeleton” Internal framework of cell
A Tour of the Cell: Part Deux edu/content/begin/cells/i nsideacell/ edu/content/begin/cells/i.
Cytoskeleton Structure Determines Function Kyndal Goodwin – B3.
The Cell: Cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton Function Function –structural support maintains shape of cell maintains shape of cell provides anchorage for organelles.
Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility. Objective To survey the structure, protein composition, and functions of a complex network of cytoplasmic filaments known.
Cells… part II. Converting Energy n Mitochondria convert sugars and fats to NRG (ATP) with the help of oxygen – Cellular respiration n Chloroplasts convert.
Cells Chapter 7. The size range of cells Why are cells so small? Small cells have a high surface area to volume ratio which allows more stuff to move.
Chapter 4B A Tour of the Cell. Other Membranous Organelles, I Mitochondria - quantity in cell correlated with metabolic activity (the more active, the.
Unit 2 – The Cell n Chapter 7, II ~ A Tour of the Cell.
Chapter 5.3 & 5.4 The Cell: Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton.
1 Cell Organelles Continuous……... 2 Microtubules and microfilaments The Cytoskeleton الهيكل الخلوى Pages A network of fibresrovide structural.
Figure 7.4 A prokaryotic cell. Cell Sizes Average Animal Cell – 15 microns Average Plant Cell – 40 microns Average Eukaryotic Cell : microns Average.
Cell Parts & Organelles. 1. Cell Wall A) function: physical protection & structural support A) function: physical protection & structural support B) Structure:
 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell. It is cellular skeleton contained within a cell's cytoplasm.
LE Plasma membrane Cytoplasm DNA Ancestral prokaryote Endoplasmic reticulum Nuclear envelope Infolding of plasma membrane Engulfing of aerobic heterotrophic.
Mic 101: L6 STT Eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes The Eukaryotic Cell = “true nucleus” algae, protozoa, fungi, plants and animals up to 100μm variable sizes.
The Cytoskeleton, CELL SHAPE AND MOTILITY
Cells Part 2.
Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers composed of proteins contained within a cell's cytoplasm. The cytoskeletal systems of different organisms.
The Cell: Cytoskeleton
Chapter 7. The Cell: Cytoskeleton
General Animal Biology
Chapter 7. The Cell: Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton Providing structural support to the cell, the cytoskeleton also functions in cell motility and regulation.
It is composed of three types of molecular structures:
The Cytoskeleton Section 4.6.
The Plasma Membrane.
Cytoskeleton, Cell wall and EMC
4.15 Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy
Notes Ch. 6 part 2.
Inner Membrane Folded into cristae.
Cells… part II.
Continued…….. Cell Organelles
Continued…….. Cell Organelles
General Animal Biology
B- Eukaryotic Cell Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Continued…….. Cell Organelles
Energy transformation Extracellular components
It is composed of three types of molecular structures:
Presentation transcript:

The Cytoskeleton... Is a supportive meshwork of fine fibers inside eukaryotic cells Provides structural support Is involved in cell movement and movement of organelles within cells May help regulate cellular activities FIGURE 1: CYTOSKELETON OF A CELL HIGHLIGHTED IN GREEN

Microfilaments Fine, threaded protein fibers Consists of Actin, a globular, contractile (can contract under stimuli-see next point) protein, one of the most abundant cellular proteins Has myosin proteins (motor), activated by an ATP, causing movement along the actin fibers, causing contraction in the filament, and therefore muscle contraction 3-6 nanometers in diameter Carry out cellular movement such as gliding, contraction, and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division of eukaryotic cells) FIGURE 3: ATP ACTIVATED MYOSIN MOTOR PROTEIN “WALKING” ON AN ACTIN MICROFIBER, CAUSING IT TO CONTRACT FIGURE 4: ARRANGEMENT OF ACTIN GLOBULAR PROTEINS IN A MICROFILAMENT

Microtubules Cylindrical tubes consisting of tubulin (globular protein) in subunits (two tubulin molecules per subunit) nanometers in diameter Determine cell shape and create pathway for cellular movement Serve as spindle fibers for separation of chromosomes in mitosis Constitute cilium and flagellum for cell locomotion/propulsion (see slide on flagellum and cilia) FIGURE 5: TUBULIN SUBUNITS FORMING A MICROTUBUL E FIGURE 6: PINK FIBERS ARE MICROTUBULES SERVING AS SPINDLE FIBERS IN CYTOKINESIS

Intermediate Filaments Consist of a variety of fibrous proteins in subunits 10 nanometers in diameter (in between microtubules and microfilaments) Serve as anchors for organelles Provide tensile strength and stability for the cell Different proteins form different intermediate filaments Keratin intermediate filaments, for example, are essential in hair and nails and epithelial cells Vimentins give strength to muscles FIGURE 7: VAST NETWORK OF KERATIN INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS IN AN ANIMAL CELL STRENGTH AND INTEGRITY

Microtubules as Locomotives In a cilia or flagella strand, microtubules double up In a 9+2 pattern, 8 pairs of microtubules form a ring, and a ninth pair in the center All nine pairs are coated with an extension of the plasma membrane of the cell The basal body, or bottom supporting structure of the cilia/flagella, consists of 9 triplets of microtubules Cause movement by a dynein (protein) arm on a certain microtubule grabbing an adjacent one (powered by an ATP) and “walk” on the adjacent one, causing a sliding force. Because the microtubule doublets are held together, they must bend, causing cellular propulsion FIGURE 9: BENDING OF MICROTUBULES FIGURE 8

The Extracellular matrix... Is a layer of glycoproteins surrounding Animal cells Binds cells together in tissues Has protective and supportive functions Regulates cell behavior AN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX SURROUNDING A CELL FIGURE 10

Communication Four main kinds of communication -ENDOCRINE: FROM FAR AWAY -PARACRINE: LOCALIZED -AUTOCRINE: SELF -JUXTACRINE: ADJACENT -Either a hydrophilic or hydrophobic signaling molecule is sent to a receptor in/on the cell -If hydrophilic, the molecule must find a receptor on the membrane -If hydrophobic, the molecule can diffuse across the membrane FIGURE 11

Extracellular composition Contains an mesh of biomolecules Composed of proteins and glycosaminoglycans Produced inside the cell (EXAMPLE OF A GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN)  ATTACHES TO EXTRACELLULAR JUNCTIONS  TIGHT JUNCTION: TWO CELLS HELD CLOSELY TOGETHER BY JOINED MEMBRANES  GAP JUNCTIONS: CHANNELS THAT ALLOW MOLECULE TRANSPORT  ADHERENS JUNCTIONS: MECHANICAL ATTACHMENT BETWEEN TWO CELLS  DESMOSOMES: BIND TWO CELLS TOGETHER. HELPS RESIST SHEARING FORCES FIGURE 12

Purposes of the extracellular matrix Provide structural support to animal cells Separates different tissues Regulates intercellular communication Attaches to cell junctions Allows the cells to attach to each other (EXTRACELLULAR MATRICES IN A TISSUE) FIGURE 13

Bibliography: (FOR PICTURES) Figure 1: 2: //i3.ytimg.com/vi/WRxsOMenNQM/0.jpg&im grefurl= //i3.ytimg.com/vi/WRxsOMenNQM/0.jpg&im grefurl= 3: // // //vbaulin.front.ru //vbaulin.front.ru 5: //tainano.com //tainano.com 6: //micro.magnet.fsu.edu //micro.magnet.fsu.edu 7: p://micro.magnet.fsu.eduhttp:// p://micro.magnet.fsu.edu 8: p:// p:// 9: p://images.wellcome.ac.ukk 10: 10/images/ f1.jpg 10: 10/images/ : s/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipediaa.org/wikipedia 12: min/ccbbme/images/pic2.png 12: min