Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA ARM DEVELOPMENT TOOL SETUP

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA AGENDA  GNU Compiler  Cygwin  Makefile  Startup Code  Linker Script  Eclipse IDE

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA GNU Compiler

Development Tools Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA The process of converting the source code representation of your embedded software into an executable binary image involves three distinct steps. First, each of the source files must be compiled or assembled into an object file. Second, all of the object files that result from the first step must be linked together to produce a single object file, called the relocatable program. Finally, physical memory addresses must be assigned to the relative offsets within the relocatable program in a process called relocation. The result of this third step is a file that contains an executable binary image that is ready to be run on the embedded system.

Development Tools Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Compiler and Assembler: Compiler’s job is mainly to translate programs written in some human-readable language into an equivalent set of opcodes for a particular processor. In that sense, an assembler is also a compiler (you might call it an "assembly language compiler") but one that performs a much simpler one-to-one translation from one line of human-readable mnemonics to the equivalent opcode. Linker & Locator: Linker combines all the object files created by the compiler in such a way that it resolves all of the unresolved symbols. This is done merging the text, data and bss sections of input files. The tool that performs the conversion from relocatable program to executable binary image is called locator. In most of the cases locater is inbuilt in linker. The memory information required by the GNU linker can be passed to it in the form of a linker script

Development Tools Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Compiler and Assembler: Compiler’s job is mainly to translate programs written in some human-readable language into an equivalent set of opcodes for a particular processor. In that sense, an assembler is also a compiler (you might call it an "assembly language compiler") but one that performs a much simpler one-to-one translation from one line of human-readable mnemonics to the equivalent opcode. Linker & Locator: Linker combines all the object files created by the compiler in such a way that it resolves all of the unresolved symbols. This is done merging the text, data and bss sections of input files. The tool that performs the conversion from relocatable program to executable binary image is called locator. In most of the cases locater is inbuilt in linker. The memory information required by the GNU linker can be passed to it in the form of a linker script

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Cygwin

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Cygwin is a Linux-like environment for Windows. It consists of two parts:  A DLL (cygwin1.dll) which acts as a Linux API emulation layer providing substantial Linux API functionality.  A collection of tools which provide Linux look and feel. Installing Cygwin:  Installing from internet  Installing from a local directory. PDF have detailed steps.

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Makefile

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA make is a utility for automatically building executable programs and libraries from source code. makefiles specify how to derive the target program from each of its dependencies. A typical makefile contains:  Comments (line beginning with #).  Variable definitions: $(foo) or ${foo} is a valid reference to the variable foo.  Dependecy rules: target: dependencies... commands...

Makefile Example Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA GCC=gcc# Compiler used is gnu c compiler OBJ=file1.o file2.o file3.o all:$(OBJ) $(GCC) $(OBJ) –o my_program file1.o:file1.c file2.o:file2.c file3.o:file3. cclean:/bin/rm -f $(OBJ) my_program

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Startup Code

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Startup code is a small block of assembly language code that prepares the way for the execution of software written in a high-level language. Each high- level language has its own set of expectations about the runtime environment. For example, C and C++ both utilize an implicit stack. Space for the stack has to be allocated and initialized before software written in either language can be properly executed. That is just one of the responsibilities assigned to startup code for C/C++ programs. Most cross-compilers for embedded systems include an assembly language file called startup.asm, startup.s, crt0.s (short for C runtime), or something similar.

Startup Code Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Startup code for C/C++ programs usually consists of the following actions, performed in the order described: 1. Disable all interrupts. 2. Copy any initialized data from ROM to RAM. 3. Zero the uninitialized data area. 4. Allocate space for and initialize the stack. 5. Initialize the processor's stack pointer. 6. Create and initialize the heap. 7. Execute the constructors and initializers for all global variables (C++ only). 8. Enable interrupts. 9. Call main More Info in ARM_Cross_Development_with_Eclipse.pdf

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Linker Script

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA The Physical memory information required by the GNU linker is passed to it in the form of a linker script

Linkerfile Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA MEMORY { ram : ORIGIN = 0x00000, LENGTH = 512K rom : ORIGIN = 0x80000, LENGTH = 512K } SECTIONS { data ram : /* Initialized data. */ { _DataStart =. ; *(.data) _DataEnd =. ; } >rom bss : /* Uninitialized data. */ { _BssStart =. ; *(.bss) _BssEnd =. ; } _BottomOfHeap =. ; /* The heap starts here. */ _TopOfStack = 0x80000; /* The stack ends here. */ text rom : /* The actual instructions. */ { *(.text) }

Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA Eclipse IDE

ECLIPSE IDE Enabling the ARM Learning in INDIA  Eclipse is an open source IDE widely used in industries for its feature of extendibility.  Eclipse is develop in JAVA.  Custom compiler setup can be configure Eclipse Setup & usage: ARM_Cross_Development_with_Eclipse.pdf

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