Processes Part 4

Processes Part 4 In Part 1 we looked at Residualisms, which leave scattered traces in modern dialects. Part 2 dealt with more prominent processes. In Part 3 we began looking at processs which occurred in Britain after the Atlantic Split (Amrican vs. British English) In Part 4 will will finish with British processes

Wells Chapter 3 Middle English Wells 3.2 British prestige innovations Wells 3.3 Some American innvoations Wells 3.4 Later British innvoations "The Great Divide" Wells 3.1 Residualisms

p.212 Those changes which occurred in British prestige English (RP) after the “great divide” p.242 Changes occurring in American English after the “great divide” which did not affect British English p 252 Later British non-prestige changes (not in RP)

p. 242 (Later, when we move to America)

p252 Non-prestige (non-RP innovations) H Dropping Diphthong Shift L Vocalization Glottalization (and Glottaling) The –ing variable

p253 Non-prestige (non-RP innovations) H Dropping Diphthong Shift L Vocalization Glottalization (and Glottaling) The –ing variable

H-Dropping on unstressed structural words occurs in most native English accents, including RP and GA. This is not what we call H-Dropping! Review the material on Weak Forms from the first-year Phonetics course at weakforms.html weakforms.html (Scroll down to (d) h-dropping)

H-Dropping on unstressed structural words occurs in most native English accents, including RP and GA he, his, her, have, has, had

I think he arrives on Monday I gave it to her yesterday Bush has changed his mind What had Harriet got to say? I have her certificate here No, sorry, that’s his.

H-Dropping on unstressed structural words occurs in most native English accents, including RP and GA he, his, her, have, has, had

H-Dropping on unstressed structural words occurs in most native English accents, including RP and GA he, his, her, have, has, had “H-Dropping” refers to loss of h in stressed words

What had Harriet got to say? I have her certificate here No, sorry, that’s his.

Repercussions: hypercorrection Harthur and Henry No, he hisnt And use of h in weak fors (Adoptive RP, for instance): I have just sent off her certificate

p256 Non-prestige (non-RP innovations) H Dropping Diphthong Shift L Vocalization Glottalization (and Glottaling) The –ing variable

p.256

FLEECE FACE PRICE CHOICE GOOSE GOAT MOUTH

Diphthong Shift What is the difference between a buffalo and a bison? You can't wash your hands in a buffalo

bison basin

Oh I am the cook and the captain bold And the mate of the Nancy brig, And the bo’sun tight, And the midshipmite And the crew of the Captain’s gig. W.S. Gilbert, The Yarn of the 'Nancy Bell'

Diphthong Shift (Melchers and Shaw call this “Wide Diphthongs”) Initial simplification: paint pint point RPLondon

Sub-systems A BC D

Sub-system B

Sub-systems A BC D

Sub-system C

Wells deals briefly with Diphthong Shift in Vol. 1 pp and in greater detail: Vol 2 pp ( London) Vol 3 pp (Australia), p. 614 (South Africa)

p259 Non-prestige (non-RP innovations) H Dropping Diphthong Shift L Vocalization Glottalization (and Glottaling) The –ing variable

p.258 Rule for allophones of l in RP: Rule for allophones of l in accents with L Vocalization:

p.258 From Phonetics exam 2006: Lazy girls lie all night long on piled-up milk-white pillows

Non-prestige (non-RP innovations) H Dropping Diphthong Shift L Vocalization Glottalization (and Glottaling) The –ing variable p.262

L = lateral, S = sibilant, true C = other consonants

in all environments except #__V

Found in:

p.262 Non-prestige (non-RP innovations) H Dropping Diphthong Shift L Vocalization Glottalization (and Glottaling) The –ing variable

p.262

hi lo

p.262 ME : -inde originally a verbal inflection, -ing originally a verbal noun. Later both current as either. ?

p.262

Subject to the Weak Vowel Merger (Lenin-Lennon Merger): wanted, kisses, rabbit, stop it

p.262

p.263