INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

2 Introduction  Your responsibility is to assist an injured or sick person  A basic understanding of human anatomy and physiology is essential  It is important to know the terminology used to describe aspects of the human body  Age groupings are based on commonly used medical literature vs the age groupings of BLS

3 Anatomy and Physiology  Anatomy is the study of the body’s structure  Physiology is the study of how the body's systems function and their relationship to the whole Cells Systems Bones Joints Muscles

4 Terminology  Midline  Lateral  Medial  Superior  Inferior  Anterior  Posterior  Proximal  Distal  Prone  Semi Prone  Supine

5 The Cell

6 Cells  Use oxygen and glucose to produce energy  Glucose penetrates the cell mambrane with the help of insulin  Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas  Without sufficient insulin, cells cannot function as they should  Brain cells are an exception: glucose can penetrate without insulin

7 Systems of the Body  Musculoskeletal  Respiratory  Circulatory  Nervous  Digestive  Urinary  Endocrine and Reproductive

8 Musculoskeletal System  Bones  Muscles  Joints  Connective tissues (Ligaments & Tendons)

9 Respiratory System

10 Respiratory System We InhaleWe Exhale 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen16% Oxygen 0.03% Carbon Dioxide4.03% Carbon Dioxide Trace Water Vapour

11 Circulatory System

12 Nervous System

13 Digestive System

14 Urinary System  Filters and excretes wastes from the blood  Helps maintain the balance between water and various chemicals  The urinary system consists of two kidneys two ureters one urinary bladder one urethra

15 The Endocrine and Reproductive System  Group of glands which secrete hormones into the blood  Hormones regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction and other body functions  The endocrine system includes pituitary gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands adrenal glands ovaries testes pancreas