Chapter 35-1/35-2 Essential Question: How does the human body maintain homeostasis? What is the function of the nervous system? How is a nerve impulse.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 35-1/35-2 Essential Question: How does the human body maintain homeostasis? What is the function of the nervous system? How is a nerve impulse transmitted?

Homeostasis – Process where organisms maintain relatively stable internal environment Feedback inhibition – To maintain homeostasis – Process: product of a system shuts down or limits operation

Chapter 35-2: The Nervous System Essential questions: What is the function of the nervous system? How is a nerve impulse transmitted?

Function of Nervous System: – control and coordinate functions of body & respond to external & internal stimuli Neurons – Cells that transmit electrical signals (impulses) – Anatomy: Cell body Dendrites Axon Myelin sheath

Nerve Impulse Resting potential – Negative charge builds inside cell, positive outside – This difference across membrane is resting potential

Action potential – Nerve impulse: neuron is stimulated by another neuron or environment – Reverses electrical charge across membrane: action potential Cascades through nerve cells Threshold: minimum level of stimulus needed to activate a neuron – Strength of impulse always the same “all or nothing” principle

Synapse – Location where a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell – Between axon terminal of 1 cell and dendrites of another cell Neurotransmitters – Chemicals used to transmit impulse across a synapse

Chapter 35-3 What are the functions of the Central Nervous System? What are the divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Central Nervous System (CNS): relays messages, processes & analyzes information – Brain and spinal chord

Spinal cord: Link between brain and body – Reflex: quick auto-response processed directly by spinal cord

Brain Parts by Size 1.Cerebrum: voluntary, conscious activities 2.Cerebellum: coordinates muscles 3.Thalmus: gets messages from sense organs 4.Hypothalmus: hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, body temp.

Peripheral Nervous System Sensory Division: transmits from sense organs to CNS Motor Division: transmits from CNS to muscles and glands – Somatic Division: Conscious control + reflexes – Autonomic Division: Involuntary Sympathetic Division: Increases function Parasympathetic Division: Decreases function

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