Objective 1.1 Identify the major domestic issues & conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist Period (1789-1820).

STARTER Wednesday, August 27 FREE WRITE/LIST SITUATION: You have discovered a rather large island in the Atlantic Ocean, about the same size of North Carolina. You have decided that you will start your own nation there, inviting friends and family. Once you have all moved there, you create a Constitution and figure out how you will run your new government. What are some of the things you need to do to get your government running? Consider: What is needed to run a nation?

Wednesday, August 27 Read pages 60-76 HOMEWORK Due 8/28 Thurs Wednesday, August 27 Read pages 60-76 Answer questions 1-20 regarding the reading

Describe how G. Washington felt about becoming the 1st president of the United States. (60) Why was the Judiciary Act of 1789 so important? (61) List the cabinet’s first four executive departments, name their heads, and identify their titles. (61) Describe Alexander Hamilton’s political beliefs. (61) Describe Thomas Jefferson’s political beliefs. (61-63)

What was the South’s reaction to Hamilton’s plan and why? (62-63) 6. Describe Hamilton’s proposal to get the new nation out of debt in 1790. (62) What was the South’s reaction to Hamilton’s plan and why? (62-63) Why did James Madison oppose the Bank of the United States? (63) Explain the difference between “loose” and “strict” interpretations of the Constitution. (63) How did Hamilton win support from the South? (63) What key issues in American history led to the creation of the first political parties? (64-65)

Finish copying questions Take out homework Starter August 28 12. What were the first two political parties, who were their leaders, and what did they each support? (65) 13. What was the Whiskey Rebellion and why is it important to US History? (63-65) 14. Why did Native Americans and white settlers clash after the Treaty of Paris? (66-67) 15. What pattern did the Treaty of Greenville establish? (67) 16. Explain how Thomas Jefferson became Vice President in 1796 and how this created problems. (70)

While the Alien Acts targeted immigrants, the Sedition Acts were used to persecute many Democratic-Republicans. How did Jefferson and Madison propose to kill the Alien and Sedition Acts (70-71) Explain the election that led to the creation of the 12th Amendment. (71) What changes did Jefferson make during his Presidency? (73) What is Judicial Review and how did John Marshall establish it?(74)

SEVEN (7) DOMESTIC ISSUES & CONFLICTS TO KNOW Creating a new government Hamilton –vs- Jefferson Political Parties emerge The Whiskey Rebellion Native Americans resist white settlement Sedition Act and nullification Marbury v. Madison: Judicial Review

Describe how G. Washington felt about becoming the 1st president of the United States. (60) He had no desire to be President Because he was a hero of the Revolutionary War, he was an excellent choice He was ready to retire But, he reluctantly accepted the call to duty 1st Job: Create a new government

Why was the Judiciary Act of 1789 so important? (61) The Judiciary Act established a judiciary Created 13 federal courts Established a system of appeals Made federal laws SUPREME Federal Law is SUPREME

List the cabinet’s first four executive departments, name their heads, and identify their titles. (61) Department of State (deals with foreign affairs): Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State Department of War (handles military matters): Henry Knox, Secretary of War Department of the Treasury (manages finances): Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

Describe Alexander Hamilton’s political beliefs. (61-63) Strong, centralized federal government Elite, well-educated, and rich should rule Loose interpretation of the Constitution Economy based on shipping & manufacturing Supported by the North

Describe Thomas Jefferson’s political beliefs. (63) Limited power of the national government: states and local governments share power Fear of dictatorship; common people to rule Strict interpretation of the Constitution Economy based on farming Supported by the South

Describe Hamilton’s proposal to get the new nation out of debt in 1790 The nation was in debt mostly due to the American Revolution. To pay it back, Hamilton proposed that the federal government pay back the debts by selling bonds and establishing tariffs and excise taxes

What was the South’s reaction to Hamilton’s plan and why? (62-63) The South had already paid back its debt The South feared it would be taxed to help pay the debts of other states

Why did James Madison oppose the Bank of the United States? (63) He feared, along with Jefferson, that a national bank would benefit the north (business) at the expense of the south (agriculture) Also, the Constitution did not provide for the bank and therefore Congress had no right to establish one

Explain the difference between “loose” and “strict” interpretations of the Constitution. (63) Loose: greater freedom to interpret the Constitution. Some feared this gave too much power to the federal government Strict: follow the provision of the Constitution This limited the powers of the federal government

How did Hamilton win support from the South? (63) Suggested that the nation’s capital move from New York to a new city in the South Washington, DC was created between Maryland and Virginia

What key issues in American history led to the creation of the first political parties? (64-65) The POWER and SIZE of the FEDERAL government in relation to STATE and LOCAL governments

REPUBLICANS (Jefferson): supported strong state governments What were the first two political parties, who were their leaders, and what did they each support? (65) FEDERALISTS (Hamilton): supported a strong central (federal) government REPUBLICANS (Jefferson): supported strong state governments *These Republicans later became known as Democratic-Republicans and are the ancestor’s of today’s Democratic Party, not today’s Republican Party

What was the Whiskey Rebellion and why is it important to US History Pennsylvania whiskey producers refused to pay taxes on their product. In their refusal, they created violence and threatened to secede from the Union Pres. Washington & Hamilton went to Pennsylvania and stopped the rebellion It proved that the federal government had power to enforce the law in domestic conflicts

Why did Native Americans and white settlers clash after the Treaty of Paris? (66-67) The Treaty of Paris gave lands to America after the Revolutionary War Native Americans were excluded in this negotiation Native Americans claimed their tribal lands and fought the U.S. government over lands

What pattern did the Treaty of Greenville establish? (67) Native Americans were paid much less for their lands than what it was worth

Explain how Thomas Jefferson became Vice President in 1796 and how this created problems. (70) Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) ran against John Adams (Federalist) in 1796 and was the runner-up, automatically making him the Vice President Problems arouse due to the unexpected emergence of political parties and, Sectionalism: placing the interests of one region over those of the nation as a whole The North voted for Adam; the South voted for Jefferson

While the Alien Acts targeted immigrants, the Sedition Acts were used to persecute many Democratic-Republicans. How did Jefferson and Madison propose to kill the Alien and Sedition Acts (70-71) They drew up the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions and asked these states to nullify the Sedition Acts To nullify means that the states had the right to consider any act of Congress void, that they saw a unconstitutional Virginia and Kentucky viewed this act as a violation of the First Amendment

Explain the election that led to the creation of the 12th Amendment The 12th Amendment calls for electors to cast separate ballots for both the President and the Vice President. Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr where on the same ballot, so therefore received the same number of votes for President

What did Jefferson accomplish during his Presidency? (73) Get rid of Alien and Sedition Acts Reduced the size of the army, stopped the expansion of the navy, lowered expenses on social functions Eliminated internal taxes and reduced the power of the Bank of the United States Supported free trade

What is Judicial Review and how did John Marshall establish it? (74) The right of the supreme court to determine the constitutionality of congressional decisions Marbury v. Madison

SEVEN (7) DOMESTIC ISSUES & CONFLICTS TO KNOW REVIEW SEVEN (7) DOMESTIC ISSUES & CONFLICTS TO KNOW Creating a new government Hamilton –vs- Jefferson Political Parties emerge The Whiskey Rebellion Native Americans resist white settlement Sedition Act and nullification Marbury v. Madison: Judicial Review

# 1 Creating a NEW GOVERNMENT NOTES # 1 Creating a NEW GOVERNMENT George Washington becomes the nation’s 1st president, reluctantly He establishes his cabinet T. Jefferson, Sec. Of State H. Knox, Sec. Of War A. Hamilton, Sec. Of Treasury Judiciary Act establishes that federal law is SUPREME

#2 Hamilton vs. Jefferson NOTES #2 Hamilton vs. Jefferson Hamilton supports the rich, elite, educated, strong federal government, supported by the North LOOSE interpretation of the Constitution Jefferson supports common farmers, rights of the states, supported by the South STRICT interpretation of the Constitution

#3 Political Parties Emerge NOTES #3 Political Parties Emerge WHY? Debate the size and power of the federal government in relation to state governments A. Hamilton: Federalists T. Jefferson: Democratic-Republicans aka “Republicans” Problems arose when the President and Vice President belonged to different parties This was solved with the 12th Amendment

The federal government ENFORCES a federal law NOTES #4 Whiskey Rebellion The federal government ENFORCES a federal law

#5 Native Americans resist white settlement NOTES #5 Native Americans resist white settlement Treaties become the way the federal government obtains Native American lands

#6 Sedition Act Americans were persecuted unfairly NOTES #6 Sedition Act Americans were persecuted unfairly This is the first time the theory of NULLIFICATION is used Nullification is the idea that individual states have the right to make a federal law void

#7 Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court case that established NOTES #7 Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court case that established JUDICIAL REVIEW The Supreme Court can declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

SEVEN (7) DOMESTIC ISSUES & CONFLICTS TO KNOW REVIEW SEVEN (7) DOMESTIC ISSUES & CONFLICTS TO KNOW Creating a new government Hamilton –vs- Jefferson Political Parties emerge The Whiskey Rebellion Native Americans resist white settlement Sedition Act and nullification Marbury v. Madison: Judicial Review