Highlights of the Jacksonian Political Era

Key Concepts Racism: prejudice against the Native Americans, as well as strong prejudice against Blacks Enumerated (written directly into the constitution - Article I, Section 8) and Implied (interpreted to be a right - “necessary and proper” clause) powers in Congress and the Constitution

Indian Removal Act “Voluntary” removal of the Five Civilized nations to Oklahoma; Cherokee resisted, and later forced off land by Federal troops and put on forced march known as the Trail of Tears Jackson supported Indian Removal Act because he felt “they would be safer removed to a reservation”

Nullification Crisis Issue was over rising rates of tariffs Calhoun’s Theory of Nullification stated each state had the right to nullify any federal law that exceeded the powers granted to Congress under the Constitution (enumerated powers) Congress could then repeal the law, or propose an amendment that gives expressively gives it the power Then each state can accept the decision, or exercise its ultimate right and secede from the union

Bank War 2nd Bank of U.S. chartered in 1816, made some bad choices in supporting speculation, then tried to call in loans when Panic of 1819 set in Biddle’s Bank Biddle’s Bank Bank president expanded the bank’s influence Bank president expanded the bank’s influence Promoted unpopular paper money Promoted unpopular paper money

Bank War The Clash between Jackson and Biddle The Clash between Jackson and Biddle 1832: Biddle pushed for the early renewal of bank’s charter 1832: Biddle pushed for the early renewal of bank’s charter Congress passed the recharter bill; Jackson vetoed it because he thought it was the agent of “special privilege” Congress passed the recharter bill; Jackson vetoed it because he thought it was the agent of “special privilege” Jackson’s veto message secured his position as champion of the people Jackson’s veto message secured his position as champion of the people The Bank Destroyed The Bank Destroyed Jackson tried to cripple the bank after he won re- election in 1832 Jackson tried to cripple the bank after he won re- election in 1832 Jackson ordered secretary of treasury to remove bank’s deposits Jackson ordered secretary of treasury to remove bank’s deposits

Bank War Jackson’s Impact on the Presidency Jackson’s Impact on the Presidency Jackson strengthened the authority of the executive branch Jackson strengthened the authority of the executive branch In many ways, the modern presidency began with Jackson In many ways, the modern presidency began with Jackson

WIO: Jacksonian Era Write a good response to the following prompt: What do you think was the biggest issue of the Jacksonian era, and do you agree with the way it was handled or not? Why or why not?