 Expanding the National Government

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 How was the government structure under the Constitution different than under the Articles of Confederation?

 Constitutional Convention  George Washington first president  Wrote new Constitution  Articles of Confederation thrown out  It was too weak, ineffective  Great Compromise by Roger Sherman was agreed upon  2 house Senate and House of Representatives based on Constitution  Issue of Representation was the key issue, big vs. small states  Compromise!

Who Could Vote  Men  White  Owned land Who Could Not Vote  Women  Slaves  American Indians  Men of any race who did not own land

Federalist  Supported strong central gov’t and ratification of Constitution  George Washington  Alexander Hamilton  Loose interpretation of Constitution Anti-Federalist  Thomas Jefferson  Supported farmers (agrarian society)  Supported people’s rights  Had a Bill of Rights added to Constitution  Feared a powerful central gov’t  Strict interpretation of Constitution

 “He was incapable of fear, meeting personal dangers with the calmest unconcern. Perhaps the strongest feature in his character was prudence, never acting until every circumstance, every consideration, was maturely weighed; refraining if he saw a doubt, but when once decided, going through with his purpose, whatever obstacles opposed.”

 Easily elected president (well known from Revolutionary War-eased people’s tension about having a president), Adams would be vice president  Leadership at Constitutional Convention  Integrity  Faced several internal crises during his term

 Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury (money)  Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State (foreign affairs)  Henry Knox: Secretary of War  There was much conflict between Hamilton and Jefferson

 Federalist  Wanted to increase commerce and industry and raise revenue ($$)  Established the Federal Bank (BUS)  Excise tax on whiskey  Paid state debts  Created tension between the North and South  Moved capital to Washington DC from NYC

 Congress passed excise tax on American made Whiskey in 1791  To pay off national debt  Pennsylvania farmers who couldn’t pay the tax rebelled  Tarred and feathered tax collectors  Skirmishes broke out between rebels and Federal officers  Shots fired

 Washington personally commanded nearly 13,000 troops to shut down the rebellion o Most Rebels fled without battle o Washington captured 20  First major show of Federal Authority, Force  Washington WOULD see that the laws were executed o set a precedent that U.S. citizens who wished to change the law had to do so peacefully through constitutional means

 3 visuals representing parties  A brief history of the party.  At least 5 political positions of each party.  Prominent Leaders of each party.  Why a person should join that party.  Color! Separate Sheet  How and why political parties developed  5 characteristics of a political party  How political parties have evolved over time  At least half a page  For bonus (+5): List political parties that have been formed, but did not last Whiskey Rebellion Comic Strip  Divided your paper into 6 squares.  Use the squares to retell the story of the Whiskey Rebellion.  Captions and illustrations in each square.  Color!

 Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) the American army defeats a confederation of Indians over tension in the Northwest Territory.  Treaty of Greenville (1795) 12 tribes cede much of present- day Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. government.

 The French Revolution ( ) the French people overthrow the French monarchy by executing King Louis XVI.  Neutrality – the U.S. would not side with any European country in wartime.

Jay’s Treaty  Helped to prevent war between US and Britain and eliminated British threats to our security Pinckney’s Treaty  US was given rights to the Mississippi River by the Spanish

 Each state had its own customs in local courts and feared setting up a powerful judicial system that would overpower them  Result----Judiciary Act of 1789: a federal district court would be established in each state and operate according to local traditions (but the Supreme Court would have final jurisdiction)

 Washington chose to step down after two terms in office ( )  His farewell address is his most famous speech  Warns of political party divisions o Political Unity was key to success  Warns about dangers of foreign entanglement o No permanent friends or foes  Morality in government o Religion is instrumental

 Should we have listened to George Washington’s advice and stayed clear of alliances, foreign entanglements and affairs?

 Federalist  2nd President  XYZ Affair: French diplomats required payment to talk with US diplomats  Marbury v. Madison: judicial review  Midnight Judges: Adams appoints Federalist judges to Supreme Court to make it difficult for Thomas Jefferson who was coming in after he went out of office  Alien and Sedition Acts: Said that people could not criticize the gov’t (limited freedom of speech) and limited immigration  Antifederalists were angry!  Antifederalists passed the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: affirmed the theory of nullification which said states could nullify unfair laws