October 10-13, 2012, Katowice - Ustron, Poland 12th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Wolfgang Niebel 1, Oliver Bley², Rüdiger Ebendt 1 1 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Transportation Systems ²Technical University Braunschweig, Germany Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation Using V2I Technology

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 2 German Aerospace Center Aeronautics, Space, Transport, Energy 7,000 employees 29 institutes, 13 sites TS Dept.: Automotive, Rail, Traffic Management Köln Lampoldshausen Stuttgart Oberpfaffenhofen Braunschweig Göttingen Berlin - Bonn Trauen Hamburg Neustrelitz Weilheim Bremen-

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 3 Global GoalsCriteriaMeasures Method & Procedure M:QAQMCBA P:HBSPIEWS Mobility  Travel Time  s; min; h x Delay Time / Stop Time  xxx Number / Percentage of Stops  n / %xx Environment Friendliness  Pollutant Emissions (No x, CO, HC, PA)  g; t x Climate Gas CO 2  g; t x Fuel Consumption  l; kg; MW x Noise Emissions  db(A) x Resource Efficiency  Building / Acquisition Costs  € x Operating + Maintenance Costs  € x Occupancy Rate  n; % xx QA: qualitative assessment QM: quantitative measurement(s) CBA: Cost-Benefit-Analyses Evaluation Framework Ranking alternatives; do vs. do nothing

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 4 Evaluation Procedures LoS (HBS): single criterion  bi-critera Criterion Level of Service Average waiting time w [s] Percentage of unstopped vehicles [%] public transport bikespedestrians*motor vehicles (uncoordinated) motor vehicles (coordinated) A≤ 5≤ 15 ≤ 20 ≥ 95 B≤ 15≤ 25≤ 20≤ 35≥ 85 C≤ 25≤ 35≤ 25≤ 50≥ 75 D≤ 40≤ 45≤ 30≤ 70≥ 65 E≤ 60 ≤ 35≤ 100≥ 50 F> 60 > 35> 100< 50 * supplementary 5 s when crossing a divisional island i: node sections (1..4) z: transport modes (4) w: waiting time [s] s: # of stops [-] P: vehicles * occupation [-] G s : weight of stops (60) [-]

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 5 Microscopic Traffic Simulation TSS AIMSUN V2I functions via API (*.csv, *.jar files) 7 vehicle types, , , 6:00-22:00 à 15min Node K m Node K047 Node K046 ADT≈35,000 © Google2011

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 6 Optimisation Scenarios Test 7: difficult lateral control simulation ScenarioApplied Traffic ControlC2I Vehicle Penetration Rate Tailback Estimation & Forecast Vehicle Approach Control Status QuoFixed Time 0%   Test 1TRANSYT optimised Test 2Signal Program Optimiser Test 3Signal Program Optimiser5% detectors + vehicle data  Test 4Signal Program Optimiser15% Test 5Signal Program Optimiser25% Test 6Signal Program Optimiser 35% Test 7Signal Program Optimiser 35% +lateral control Test 8TRANSYT optimised  Test 9Signal Program Optimiser 

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 7 Evaluation Results I PI Status Quo

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 8 Evaluation Results II PI Test 3 K47 (central  ) 5% rate (2,550 vehicles) int: Δ=[9%..-24%] 16h: 71  65 ≙ -9%

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 9 Evaluation Results III Telematics Cost examples for CBA – OBU/RSU year 1 ≙ 5% year 10 ≙ 35% 10 years usage 3..5 applications – Traffic light equipment: 25,000€  50€ * 2,550 veh + 2,500€  130,000€ p.a.

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 10 Transferability EU-FP6 project HEATCO monetising rate examples 130,000€ p.a. ≙ 19h business travelling/day 130,000€ ≙ 42t NOx NOx [€/t]Time [€/h business traveller] Poland3, Czech Republic3, Slovakia4, Germany3,

Institute of Transportation Systems > Aerospace technology for road and railway Evaluation of Microsimulated Traffic Light Optimisation > 19 September 2015 > 11 Acknowledgements The KOLINE project was granted by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) according to a decision of the German Federal Parliament within the 3 rd transport research framework “Mobility and Transport Technologies”. Further project partners: Institut für Automation und Kommunikation e.V. Magdeburg (ifak), Institute of Control Engineering TU Braunschweig, Transver GmbH Munich, Volkswagen AG Wolfsburg (VW)