Ornamentation and Style in Bach and Mozart Thomas Mastroianni To Teach is to Serve
Ornamentation Table of Ornaments See preface to Kalmus editions
Style Concerto Grosso Style Concerto Style (like Vivaldi) French Overture or Sinfonia Trio Sonata Style Fugual Style Ricercare Style Dance Movement Styles Improvisatory Style Figural Style - Prelude Style
Concerto Grosso Style Italian Concerto Stile Concitato Texture Contrasts Tutti vs. solo and small ensembles Continuo
French Overture or Sinfonia Partita # 2 Orchestra style French Overture rhythm – double dotting Trio Sonata texture as contrast section Fugual contrast section
Concerto Style Italian Concerto (2 nd Movement) Vivaldi Continuo style ensemble Repetitive figures Bass line stability Ornamental solo
Toccata in E Minor contains contrasting styles Prelude Style Ricercare Style - Renaissance calm Operatic style Fugue – Toccata Style subject
Dance Movement Styles Allemande – German Courante – French ; Corrente – Italian Sarabande – highly stylized Spanish/English Optional Movements (Minuet, Gavotte, etc.) Gigue – French; Giga - Italian
Allemande B Minor French Suite p.18 Variation Suite Compare Praltriller at the two final cadences
Courante - French B Minor French Suite p 20 Notice the shift from 6/4 to 3/2 in bars and in the last two bars. Corrente - Italian G Major French p 37 Headlong 3/4
Sarabande Eb French Suite p 30 Second beat accent results from long note value and ornamentation. Ornament variation for repetition of the sections. Sarabande G Major French Suite p 38 Ornaments
Optional Suite Movements Minuet (B minor French Suite p 22) Two bar phrases; ¾ time Trio smaller scale – notice slide in bar 2 Gavotte (G Major French Suite p 40) Bourrée (G Major French Suite p 40)
Gigue (G Major French Suite p 42) Lively Often figural Often fugal
Mozart Sonatas K note trill - p 5 Kalmus ed. –Melodic appoggiatura on the beat - p 8 p 10 K.280 String Quartet texture, vocal style (m.9) – p 19 K. 282 Trills on, above or before the beat p. 34 K. 284 Symphonic style; classic praltriller p.50 Alternative ornamentation (division) p.64 – see also p. 144 (K 332)
Mozart Sonatas K. 330 louré / coulé 2 nd theme - minor/major p K. 331 Turkish style noise effects p.134 K. 333 Concerto style p. 152 cz, p.167 Fantasy K. 397 Opera style p.234
Ornamentation and Improvisation The Performer’s Role in the Creative Process