1 All cells are living All cells come from other cells All cells are made from 1 or more cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms Yeah-but where did cells come from to begin with? In earlier times people thought that live spontaneously generated. How was this disproven?

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3 Summarize both experiments in your own words Analyze what their experiments meant to the time period they performed them

4 Found they could create a organic compounds by simulating Earths early atmosphere. What are organic compounds? How does this apply to the theory of evolution or the origins of life?

5 Sidney Fox 1992 Created protocell or protobiont Large, ordered structure, enclosed by a membranes that carries out growth and division Primordial Soup  AA  Protobionts What is primordi al soup?

6 What experiments have you looked at and what do they support? How? How does this relate to evolution. Give 2 specific justifications.

7 RNA in the Past Self Replication Catalyze reactions Protein took over catalyzing reactions and building cells and RNA is now used to build proteins DNA More stable than RNA

8 Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes Mitochondria and chloroplasts Ribosomes DNA Reproduce independently of cell

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Can you tell a chicken from a fish? A human from a turtle? -embryo.html -embryo.html Sure you can…complete “Timing is everything” activity When you are done get your INB ready for cornell notes on the History of Evolutionary Thought tim.html#answer

Evolution is a gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time. The structures, behaviors, interactions, and internal processes observed in the millions of species on this planet are the result of the process of evolution. Charles Darwin stated that evolution by natural selection explained how populations of organisms evolve.

1. Embryology 2. DNA sequences 3. Fossils 4. Anatomical structures 5. Biogeography

Similarity in shows a (vertebrate embryos all have tail & gill slits) Similarity in embryo development shows a close relationship (vertebrate embryos all have tail & gill slits) Sure you can…complete “Timing is everything” activity

by comparing the DNA sequences of two organisms or the amino acid sequences made from the DNA, scientists can learn which organisms are related; the more DNA two organisms have in common, the more closely related they are 2. DNA

An inherited trait that increases the population’s chances of survival and reproduction is an adaptation

homologous structures: structure with different functions found in different species and thought to be inherited from common ancestors ex: whales, cats and birds all have the same # and type of bones in the forelimbs but their functions are different

analogous structures: have the different structures but the same function & do not show a close relationship Come up with your own examples

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In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the deeper it is, the older it is. Give us information about extinct species. Only a picture in time-incomplete

Incomplete Not everything that lived is preserved Punctuated equilibrium Speciation (an event where a new species is created) Stasis Stabilizing Selection Sequential Ability to find evolutionary trends throughout the times 23

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Convergent Distantly related organisms develop same traits because of environmental pressures Analogous Bird, moth, bat Divergent Evolution Species that were once similar to a common ancestor become increasingly distinct (finches) Homologous Arm, wing, flipper 27

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30 Catastrophism  Uniformatiarianism Lamarck  Darwin

Inheritance Of Acquired Traits Traits Acquired During Ones Lifetime Would Be Passed To Offspring 31 What happened in MY’s?

Charles Lyell - proposed earth formed MYA not thousands of years ago Thomas Malthus – struggle for existence through available resources 32 :

John Baptiste Lamarck 1700’s – Inheritance of acquired Characteristics and Law of Use and Disuse Alfred Russel Wallace – came to the same conclusions as Darwin 33 :

Hardy-Weinberg – researched changes in allelic frequencies. For example, what might happen in a population of mice, if their ability to run quickly and escape predation was due to a single genetic trait? 34

1 st to group similar organisms and assign them Latin names (Taxonomy) Binomial Nomenclature (Genus species) 35

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Charles Darwin Wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection AKA The Origin Fossil Record Taxonomy Comparative Anatomy Comparative Embryology Biogeography 37

38 Darwin returned 5 years later in 1836

Small Group of Islands 1000 km West of South America Very Different Climates Animals On Islands Unique Tortoises Iguanas Finches 39

40 What differences do you see in the Galapagos Islands Tortoises?

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Finches resembled a mainland finch More types of finches appeared where the available food was different (seeds, nuts, berries, insects…) Finches had different types of beaks adapted to type of food gathering…ex of:Speciation 42

43 How did the finch speciation occur? What environmental, genetic, physical changes took place?

44 What a Beak Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used to elaborate on speciation/ natural selection Peppered Moth Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used to elaborate natural selection due to environmental changes. Easter Island Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used for natural selection due to human impact Natural Selection lab can be used

The pressures that act as an agent of change in populations or maintain a status quo 45

Fit Ability to survive Multitude of variables Those that survive go on to…..___________ Natural selection Acts on variations What is a variation? It is….____________ If the variation helps the organisms to survive it will _______________ 46

Write what you see in your notes. What are the letters? 47

Producing changes in populations not individuals! 48

Write a description in your notebook for B, C, D 49

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Volcanism 51

Rate of mutation Depends on how advantageous mutation/variation is Speed up evolution Pesticide Resistance Antibiotic Resistance 52

How many young are born and successfully live: Inherited Variation k & r selected species Finite supply of resources 53

List how these organisms evolved to geography: Cactus Polar Bear Crocodile Fish 54

What does ‘geo’ mean? Diversification through geologic changes 55

Mating Rituals (include Non-random mating) Runaway Selection Courtship Territory 56

Bottleneck Effect Founders Effect 57

Sympatric Speciation Speciation without geographic barrier Polyploidy Allopatric Speciation Species separated geographically 58

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