RENEWAL Phase 1 and 2: Research Highlights Suneetha Kadiyala RENEWAL 3 Regional Workshop 12 th March 2007

Focus of Phase 1 and 2 Interactions Impacts Analyzing responses Several Outputs Developing tools, maps and their applications RENEWAL Research Studies: –8 in R1 –9 in R2 Synthesizing the broader literature –Food Policy Review –AIDS, Poverty and Hunger: Challenges and Responses

HIV/AIDS and Food and Nutrition Security From Evidence to Action An international conference Durban, South Africa 14–16 April 2005 Some Important Research Highlights

AIDS and Livelihoods : Zambia Different methods of inquiry and units of analysis Jayne, Chapoto, Byron, Hamazakaza, Kadiyala, Gillespie –Quantitative nationally representative panel survey (2001, 2004) Drinkwater, McEwan, Samuels –Qualitative panel survey of ‘Clusters” Hamazakaza, Kadiyala, Byron, Ndoyii (draft) –a cross-sectional survey and in-depth inquiry of four communities sampled from Jayne et al sample RENEWAL-Zambia synthesis (forthcoming in Food & Nutrition Bulletin) Unit of analysis: Community, Cluster and Household

AIDS and Livelihoods : Zambia Findings Rise in mortality rates from 0-24% = 6% decline in land area cultivated Recovery from death impacts = 2-5 years Labor-saving crops = no substitution Prior mortality = reduction in value per hectare Impacts = mortality x vulnerability AIDS has not yet significantly reduced aggregate production but… Lagged impacts on agriculture (impact on secondary producers) Community driven responses unable to explain varying degrees of community resilience –Important resource flows are between clusters/ households –Worsening of inequalities within communities –Initial conditions matter

AIDS and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVCs): South Africa Adato, Kadiyala, Roopnaraine, Biermayr-Jenzano and Norman –Study of trajectory of experiences of children and their families before orphanhood (vulnerable children) to orphanhood in 3 provinces –in-depth interviews, observations, and survey data (in KZN) –Child care arrangements, discrimination and support systems Norman, Chopra and Kadiyala –in-depth interviews of HIV positive mothers in 2 provinces –Disclosure Norman, Kadiyala and Chopra –in-depth interviews of HIV positive mothers in 2 provinces –Planning for children’s future security

AIDS and OVC: South Africa Findings Already established patterns of childcare arrangements are primary safety nets : Resilience of matrilineal system Children playing a critical role in households No explicit evidence of orphan discrimination (e.g. schooling), –but instances of discrimination observed Grants are the most important source of support –Low uptake of Foster Care Grant Disclosure is a catalyst to access support –Barriers and facilitators of disclosure identified Systematic and integrated response covering the trajectory essential

AIDS and Nutrition: Kenya Byron, Gillespie and Nangami Study of local perceptions of role of nutritional support –AMPATH’s HAART and Harvest initiative Findings –Increased dietary diversity and caloric intake of PLWH –Improved health and emotional well-being –Better adherence, reduced side-effects –Catalyst for extra family and community support (less stigma) –Economic benefit, productivity increases Challenges –Transitioning from short-term assistance –Links to sustainable livelihood programming –Seasonal vulnerability, eligibility, transparency, communications