copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming of Hydrocarbons SCH4U

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Hydrocarbons AlkanesAlkenesAlkynes C n H 2n+2 C n H 2n C n H 2n-2 All C bonds are single (fully saturated) C=C (double bond) unsaturated Triple C bond unsaturated CH 3 ethane CH 2 ethene CHCH ethyne

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter How can we represent Alkanes? C – C – C – C – C Demonstration (No H) H H H H H | | | | | H - C – C - C – C - C – H Fully Expanded | | | | | H H H H H CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 Condensed CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Fully Condensed C 5 H 12 Molecular Formula

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming Alkanes (all single bonds) Chain Length In Carbons NameAlkane name Alkane Formula C n H (2n+2) 1methmethaneCH 4 2ethethaneC2H6C2H6 3proppropaneC3H8C3H8 4butbutaneC 4 H 10 5pentpentaneC 5 H 12 6hexhexaneC 6 H 14

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Rules for Naming of Alkanes Determine the longest continuous carbon chain: also known as the PARENT CHAIN!!!!

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Example Count from one end to another, and determine the longest carbon chain (parent chain) C –C-C-C– C |hexane C – C Use longest chain in any direction

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Chain Length C –C-C-C-C-C-C |nonane C-C-C-C-C-C

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming the Chain C –C –C -C –C –C -C – C |decane C – C – C – C – C –C -C – C

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming Alkanes Determine Chain Length  Use longest Chain (parent chain) Name the longest chain  Use ending for alkane (“ane”)

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming Branches (Side Chains) After naming the longest chain, draw a line through all the carbons you use. Everything that is left are the side chains. Name the side chain (branch) using the “yl” ending (methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc)

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming Side Chains * isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl,t-butyl Side Chain Length In Carbons NameSide chain name Alkyl Formula 1methmethyl- CH 3 2ethethyl- C 2 H 5 3propPropyl*- C 3 H 7 4butButyl*- C 4 H 9 5pentpentyl- C 5 H 11 6hexhexyl- C 6 H 13

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming the Side Chain Determine the longest chain (parent chain) – name it! Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain starting from the end that is CLOSEST to a branch/side chain Name the side chain and indicate on which carbon it’s located C –C-C-C– C | C – C Parent Chain: hexane

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Numbering right to left : ← C –C-C-C- C | C – C 2 1 ← the side chain is on the #3 carbon of hexane Naming - Side Chain Locator Number C –C-C-C- C | C – C

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Numbering left to right: → C – C-C-C- C | C – C → 5 6 the side chain is on the #4 carbon of hexane C – C-C-C- C | C – C

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter 3 is lower than 4, so use 3 3 C –C-C-C- C | C – C 3 – methylhexane Naming – Side Chain Locator Number

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming the Side Chain C –C-C-C – C -C-C | C –C-C-C-C -C-C 5- ethyl-6- ethyl decane OR: 5,6-diethyl decane

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Multiple Side Chains C –C –C -C –C -C-C-C | C – C – C – C – C-C-C Parent: decane 6-ethyl-5- propyldecane ALWAYS ALWAYS list side chains alphabetically – E for Ethyl before P for Propyl

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter C – C – C | C – C – C – C – C - C – C – C Parent Chain: octane Side Chain: isopropyl (not just propyl) Name: 4-isopropyloctane

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Halogen Substituted Carbon Hydrogen (one hydrogen substituted by a halogen (X)) Name by the Halogen used in the compound  Chloroalkanes (C-C-Cl)  Bromoalkanes (C-C-Br)  Flouroalkanes (C-C-F) Halogen Substituted Carbon Hydrogen

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming the Chain C –C-C-C– Cl | C – C Parent Chain: hexane Side chain: 3-chloro Name: 3 - chlorohexane

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter C –C -C –C -Cl | C – C – C – C – C –C-C-C – C Naming the Chain C –C -C –C -Cl | C – C – C – C – C –C-C-C – C decane chloro propyl decane 4 - chloro 5-propyl decane

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter C –C -C - Cl | C – C – C – C – C – C - C –C -C – C Naming the Chain Let’s name this:

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming the Chain C –C –C -C - Br | C – C – C – C – C - C –C -C – C Example 13 C –C –C -C - Br | C – C – C – C – C - C –C -C – C nonane bromo butyl nonane 4 - bromo 5 - butyl nonane

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter DONE with Alkanes! Your turn to practice!

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming Alkenes Determine the longest continuous chain of carbons that have the double bond between two of its carbons. The parent chain must contain the double bond. C – C – C = C – C – C –C

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming Alkenes Number the carbons in the chain so that the double bond would be between the carbons with the lowest designated number. C 1 – C 2 – C 3 = C 4 – C 5 – C 6 –C 7 3-heptene

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming Alkenes The location of the double bond, not the location of the branches are used for numbering the alkene. NOTE THE –ENE ending as well!

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming Alkenes Identify the side chains/branch and the position of the branch. The format is as follows: (location of branch)-(branch name)(parent chain)

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Cis and Trans Isomers

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Example

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Example:

copyright 2002 by Amelia Potter Naming of Alkynes Indentify the parent chain with the TRIPPLE bond! Number from the end closest to the TRIPPLE bond! Ending is –YNE Ethyne, propyne, 1-butyne, etc… All other rules of naming are the same as for the other hydrocarbons