Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry Alkanes – all single bonded carbons Alkenes – at least one double bond Alkynes – at least one triple bond Isomers – same number of carbons but different arrangement (structure)

Naming Based on longest chain of carbons 1 C – Meth 2 C – Eth 3 C – Prop 4 C – But 5 C - Pent 6 C – Hex 7C – Hept 8 C – Oct 9 C – Non 10 C - Dec

Alkanes end with ane Alkenes end with ene Alkynes end with yne Ex. CH3-CH2-CH3 Propane Ex. On Board

Functional Groups – special attatchements and modifications to the basic carbon chemical More than one functional group can exist on a single chemical

Alcohols have an OH Carboxylic acids have an OOH Ethers have at O trapped between carbons Esters have a trapped O and a double bonded oxygen see pg 1058

Aldehydes have a double bonded O at the end of the chain Keytones have a double bonded O in the middle of the chain Amines have an NH2 at the end of the chain Halohydrocarbons have a halogen

Naming We give the number of the carbon that the functional group is located at, or the first carbon