Experiment 9. Identification of Unknowns

sol ether insol sol AA insol 5% NaOH insol sol 5% NaHCO 3 sol insol 5% HCl 96% H 2 SO 4 sol insol sol insol water Litmus red Litmus blue Litmus unchanged I N B WA SA CA AM N SOLUBILITY CLASSES

AA amino acids CAcarboxylic acids (5 carbons or less) AMamines (5 carbons or less) Nalcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, amides (5 carbons or less) SAcarboxylic acids, phenols with strong electron withdrawing groups (5 carbons or less) WA weak acids, phenols, enols, oximes, imides, 1,3-diones, nitro compounds Baliphatic amines, anilines Nalcohols, aldehydes esters, ketones, ethers, alkynes, akenes Isaturated hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, aryl halides

Unknowns 1.Carboxylic acids can be characterized by a neutralization equivalent; 2.Amines can be characterized by a neutralization equivalent; 3.Ketones can be characterized by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone derivative, oxime or related compound; 4.Alcohols can be derivatized by phenyl isocyanide derivative, oxidation to a solid carboxylic acid or ketone; 5.Esters can be characterized by hydrolysis if the acid or alcohol is a solid; 6. Other compounds can be characterized on the basis of derivatives based on their likely structure.

Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-St. Louis Solid Unknown Chemistry 263 Preliminary Report Form Name: ________________ Date:_­­­_______ Unknown Number______ Physical Properties a) appearance: b)melting point: c)boiling point: e)other properties you may have measured: Solubility Tests (use +/- to indicate positive, negative tests) H2O: _____; 5%NaOH, _____; 5%NaHCO3, _____; 5%HCl, _____ ; H2SO4,_____. pH(aqueous solution): _____.

Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-St. Louis Solid UnknownChemistry 263 Preliminary Report FormName: _____________ Date: Unknown Number______ Physical Properties a) appearance: b)melting point: c)boiling point: e)other properties you may have measured: Solubility Tests (use +/- to indicate positive, negative tests) H 2 O: _____; 5%NaOH, _____; 5%NaHCO 3, _____; 5%HCl, _____ ; H 2 SO 4,_____. pH(aqueous solution): _____.