Europe Current News and Weather Current News and Weather Population and Settlement Population and Settlement Beyond the Demographic Transition Beyond the Demographic Transition Religious Tension Religious Tension Geopolitical Framework Geopolitical Framework Response Papers due Today! For Next Class: Read Chapter 9 Reminder: Exam III on April 3!

Slow growth Slow growth Complicated and problematic migration patterns Complicated and problematic migration patterns Very high level of urbanization Very high level of urbanization Industrial core areaIndustrial core area Population and Settlement

Low (or No) Natural Growth

Pro-Growth Policies Concerns about aging population – Labor shortages – Smaller internal markets – Declining tax revenues – Social services Measures – Bans on abortion and the sale of contraceptives – Pro-growth policies (e.g., paid leave for both parents, cash subsidies, extensive child care)

Group Assignments Why is there a need to add a Stage V to the Demographic Transition Model? What are the reasons for decline in total fertility rates? How is the ethnic composition of European countries changing?

Demographic Transition Model

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Demographic Transition

Possible Reasons for Decline in Fertility Rates Western Europe Increased access to and availability of birth control Women in the workforce Eastern Europe Women in the workforce Overall decline in socioeconomic conditions in many countries Housing shortage and crowded living conditions Uncertainty about the future – jobs, wages, food, and housing is scarce

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Within Europe –Economic reasons –Refugees To Europe –Legal and illegal –Former colonies Migration

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Schengen Agreement Schengen Border Roma Mobility and Discrimination

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 11 Guest Workers and Fortress Europe Figure Illegal migrants approaching the Canary Islands Czech Republic border station to Germany Figure 8.16

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 12 Cultural Mosaics Figure 8.20 Linguistic Diversity Figure 8.21 Albania: Ethnic tension

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 13 Cultural Mosaics Figure 8.22 Religious Diversity Tension and violence Figure 8.24 Northern Ireland

Religious Tension in N. Ireland Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain 42% of the population is Roman Catholic42% of the population is Roman Catholic 54% of the population is Protestant54% of the population is Protestant Catholics feel like they have been discriminated against by the Protestant majority and have been treated as second-class citizens Catholics feel like they have been discriminated against by the Protestant majority and have been treated as second-class citizens Catholics seek stronger tie to Republic of IrelandCatholics seek stronger tie to Republic of Ireland Protestants have forged even stronger ties to the U.K.Protestants have forged even stronger ties to the U.K. Unfortunately, 4,000 deaths since the 1960s Unfortunately, 4,000 deaths since the 1960s

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 18 Geopolitical Framework Dense fabric of independent states Micro and ethnic nationalism Figure 8.27

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 19 Europe – The Balkans Figure 8.31 Complex mixture Balkanization Figure 8.32 Kosovar refugees

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 20 The EU and Economic Integration Figure 8.36