TOPIC 12 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (orgo) - AIMS. What is organic chemistry?  Organic chemistry is the study of carbon and its compounds  Carbon forms 4 covalent.

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TOPIC 12 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (orgo) - AIMS

What is organic chemistry?  Organic chemistry is the study of carbon and its compounds  Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds (single, double or triple) (tetrahedral)  Hydrocarbon – contains only H and C atoms (TABLE Q)

1. Nonpolar or weakly polar (like dissolves like) - Low mp & bp 2. millions of organic compounds most are biological processes 3. Nonelectrolytes 4. Reaction rates slow 5. Insoluble & immiscible in water PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

HYDROCARBONS Aliphatic (straight chain)Aromatic (closed chain) SATURATED Alkane (single) C-C C n H 2n+2 -ane suffix UNSATURATED Alkyne (triple) C=C C n H 2n-2 -yne suffix Alkene (double) C=C C n H 2n -ene suffix Benzene C6h6 C n H 2n-6 HOMOLOGOUS SERIES (for each additional carbon atom there will be 2 additional H atoms – TABLE Q

How can we name hydrocarbons? - IUPAC Names of organic molecules are designed to describe a molecule in terms of: 1. How many C atoms are in the longest continuous chain – get prefix from Table P 2. What is attached to the longest continuous chain? (double or triple bond, functional group, branching) Molecular formula: CH 4 Structural Formula -

SATURATED – ALL SINGLE BONDS Molecular Formula NameStructural FormulaBP CH 4

UNSATURATED – DOUBLE BOND Molecular Formula NameStructural Formula C2H4C2H4

UNSATURATED – TRIPLE BOND Molecular Formula NameStructural Formula C2H2C2H2

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

F H H - C – C – H H H

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

F H H - C – C – H H F

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons? 1-fluoro, 1,2 – dibromo ethane

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons? 1,2 – dichloropropane

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons? 1,3 - dicholoropropane

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

2,2 – dimethyl butane

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons? 2, 2, 3 – trimethyl pentane

What are functional groups?  ALCOHOL – monohydroxy  Primary Alcohol: PROPANOL

What are functional groups?  ALCOHOL – monohydroxy  Secondary Alcohol: 2-BUTANOL

What are functional groups?  ALCOHOL – monohydroxy  Tertiary Alcohol: 2-METHYL 2-BUTANOL

What are functional groups?  ALCOHOL – DIHYDROXY  1,2-ETHANEDIOL

What are functional groups?  ALCOHOL – trihydroxy  1,2,3-propanetriol

What are functional groups?  ORGANIC ACID: METHANOIC ACID

What are functional groups?  ORGANIC ACID: ETHANOIC ACID

What are functional groups?  ALDEHYDES: METHANAL

What are functional groups?  ALDEHYDE: ETHANAL

What are functional groups?  KETONES: 2 - PROPANONE (acetone)

What are functional groups?  ESTER: METHYL BUTANOATE

What are functional groups?  AMINE: 1-BUTAMINE

What are functional groups?  AMIDE: 1-BUTAMIDE

What are functional groups?  ETHER: METHYL PROPYL ETHER

What are functional groups?  AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : BENZENE

What are functional groups?  AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : METHYL BENZENE

What are functional groups?  AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : 1,4 DICHLORO BENZENE

What is a collapsed formula?  Ex 1

What is a collapsed formula?  Ex 2

What is a collapsed formula?  Ex 3

What are the different organic reactions?  COMBUSTION  Excess oxygen

What are the different organic reactions?  COMBUSTION  Limited oxygen

What are the different organic reactions?  SUBSTITUTION

What are the different organic reactions?  ADDITION

What are the different organic reactions?  ESTERIFICATION

What are the different organic reactions?  SAPONIFICATION

What are the different organic reactions?  FERMENTATION

DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. complete structure of hydrocarbons worksheet AIM: Naming and Drawing Substituted Hydrocarbons

DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. complete back of structure of hydrocarbons worksheet AIM: Functional Groups

DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. Organic packet pg. AIM: Functional Groups

DO NOW: 1. Draw the structural formula for C 6 H 14 C 7 H Review Book pg. 197 # 1-8 AIM: HYDROCARBONS ALKENES AND ALKYNES