Utilization and effectiveness of telephone counseling for African-Americans Empirical and experimental research Prepared for the NAQC Seminar, Ensuring Quality Quitline Services to Priority Populations: Challenges and Opportunities Vance Rabius, PhD October 9, 2009

Quitline and Disparities Is Quitline relevant in our efforts to alleviate disparities in health care for African-Americans? Do African-Americans use Quitline? Quitline use is a function of promotion. Do African-Americans benefit from Quitline?

Empirical Research Partners

Quitline Utilization African-Americans tend to use Quitline services in proportions greater than their representation in the smoking community Texas ,559 Quitline callers 18% of Quitline callers and 9% of Texas smokers and 12% of Texas population are African-American Louisiana ,861 Quitline callers 33% of Quitline callers and 26% of Louisiana smokers and 33% of Louisiana population are African-American Washington DC ,050 Quitline callers 89% of Quitline callers and 63% of Washington DC smokers and 57% of Washington DC population are African-American

Clinical Trial I Design 2-group treatment/control Self-help materials vs. self-help materials and access to up to 5 telephone counseling sessions Phase I & II – 3522 clients Results Counseling benefits young adult smokers Health Psychology Article

Quitline Benefits African-Americans tend to benefit from Quitline services at rates comparable to European-Americans N = 3523, 15% African-American - Clinical Trial I - Presented at the 23 rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Behavioral Medicine, Washington, DC ( April 2002) Quit Rates as a Function of Treatment and Race/Ethnicity African-American European-American

Clinical Trial II Effects of number and duration of counseling sessions talk time – boosters 6,322 participants 3 x 2 plus control 3 counseling protocols w/ or w/out access to boosters Tobacco Control Article

Quitline Benefits by Race/Ethnicity African-American Quitline callers tend to display comparable rates of current depressive mood and comparable quit rates as European-American callers African-American % Sad or BlueEuropean-American – 45.5% Sad or Blue N = 6,322, 17% African-American - Clinical Trial II - Presented at the 2007 Cancer Disparities Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana ( April 2007) Quit Rates as a Function of Treatment and Race/Ethnicity African-American European-American

Citations: Rabius, V, McAlister, AL, Geiger, A, Huang, P, & Todd, R. (2004). Telephone Counseling Increases Cessation Rates among Young Smokers. Health Psychology, 23, Rabius, V, Pike, KJ, Hunter, J, Wiatrek, D, & McAlister, AL. (2007). Effectiveness of Frequency and Duration in Telephone Counseling for Smoking Cessation. Tobacco Control. 16, Suppl 1, i71-i74. Contact information: Vance Rabius, PhD Senior Scientist American Cancer Society National Cancer Information Center Stonehollow Drive Austin, TX phone fax -