Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability G. Tyler Miller, Jr.’s Environmental Science 10 th Edition Chapter 1 G. Tyler Miller, Jr.’s Environmental Science 10 th Edition Chapter 1

Key Concepts  Population Growth and Sustainability  Resources and Resource Use  Pollution  Causes of Environmental Problems

Fig. 1-1 p. 1 World Population

World Population Reached 1 billion in billion in 1927 (123 years later) 3 billion in 1960 (33 years later) 4 billion in 1974 (14 years later) 5 billion in 1987 (13 years later) 6 billion in 1999 (12 years later) World Population May Reach 7 billion in 2013 (14 years later) 8 billion in 2028 (15 years later) 9 billion in 2050 (22 years later) Human Population Milestones Fig. 1-3, p. 4

Living More Sustainably  Ecology  Environmental Science  Sustainable Society

What Keeps Us Alive? Capital  Solar  Natural  Solar  Natural Fig. 1-2, p. 3

Human Population Growth Fig. 1-4, p. 6

Economic Growth  Gross National Income (GNI)  GNI Purchase Power Parity (GNI PPP)  Gross Domestic Product (GDP)  Gross World Product (GWP)  Per capita GNI  Per capita GNI PPP  Gross National Income (GNI)  GNI Purchase Power Parity (GNI PPP)  Gross Domestic Product (GDP)  Gross World Product (GWP)  Per capita GNI  Per capita GNI PPP

Economic Development  Developed Countries  Developing Countries

Environmental Effects of Poverty Fig 1-5, p. 6

Resources  Perpetual  Renewable  Non-renewable Fig. 1-6 p. 7

Renewable Resources  Sustainable Yield  Environmental Degradation  Tragedy of the Commons

Ecological Footprint Fig. 1-7 p. 8

Non-Renewable Resources  Energy Resources  Metallic Resources  Non-Metallic Resources  Recycle  Reuse Economic Depletion Fig. 1-8 p. 9

Pollution  What is pollution?  Effects of Pollution Sources  Point  Nonpoint

Dealing With Pollution  Prevention (Input Control)  Cleanup (Output Control)

Major Environmental and Resource Problems Fig. 1-9, p. 10

Environmental and Resource Problems: Five Root Causes Fig. 1-10, p. 10

Environmental Impact Fig p. 11 I = P × A × T I = environmental impact on an area P = human population A = affluence, resource usage per person T = any negative effects from technologies

Environmental Impact Fig p. 11

Human and Environment Interactions Fig p. 11

Historical Changes in Human Culture  Hunter-gatherers  Agricultural Revolution  Industrial Revolution  Information and Globalization Revolution

First Crop-growing Technique Fig. 1-13, p. 13

Fig. 1-14, p. 14 Agricultural Revolution Bad NewsGood News More Food Supported a larger population Higher standard of living for many people Longer life expectancy Formation of villages, towns, and cities Towns and cities served as centers for trade, government, and religion Destruction of wildlife habitats from clearing forests and grasslands Killing of wild animals feeding on grass or crops Fertile land turned into desert by livestock overgrazing Soil eroded into streams and lakes Towns and cities concentrated wasted and pollution and increased spread of diseases Increase in armed conflict and slavery over ownership of land and water resources

Fig. 1-15, p. 14 Industrial Revolution Bad NewsGood News Mass production useful and affordable products Higher standard of living For many Greatly increased agricultural production Lower infant mortality Longer life expectancy Increased Urbanization Lower rate of population growth Increased water pollution Increased air pollution Increased waste production Soil depletion and degradation Groundwater depletion Habitat destruction and degradation Biodiversity depletion

Globalization  Social  Economic  Environmental Effects

Fig. 1-16, p. 15

What is Our Greatest Environmental Problem?  Disease  Overpopulation  Water Shortages  Climate Changes  Biodiversity Loss  Poverty  Malnutrition  Disease  Overpopulation  Water Shortages  Climate Changes  Biodiversity Loss  Poverty  Malnutrition

Solutions  Current Emphasis (Reactive)  Sustainability Emphasis (Proactive)  Current Emphasis (Reactive)  Sustainability Emphasis (Proactive) Fig. 1-16, p. 18