Ion Transport Simulation using Geant4 Hadronic Physics Koi, Tatsumi SLAC And Geant4 Hadronic Working Group Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Contents Cross sections NN total reaction formulae Reactions Binary Cascade Light Ion QGS Glauber Validation Neutron Productions Pion Productions Neutron Yields etc Conclusions Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

an interaction will occur? When and where an interaction will occur? Cross Sections GetCrossSection() G4HadronicProcess GetMicrocopicCrossSection() PostStepDoIt() Models ApplyYoursel() What will be generated by this interaction? Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Cross Sections Total reaction cross section is defined by Many cross section formulae for NN collisions are included in Geant4 Tripathi, Shen, Kox and Sihver These are empirical and parameterized formulae with theoretical insights. G4GeneralSpaceNNCrossSection was prepared to assist users in selecting the appropriate cross section formula. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

References to NN Cross Section Formulae implemented in Geant4 Tripathi Formula NASA Technical Paper TP-3621 (1997) Tripathi Light System　(p, n ~ alpha) NASA Technical Paper TP-209726 (1999) Kox Formula Phys. Rev. C 35 1678 (1987) Shen Formula Nuclear Physics. A 49 1130 (1989) Sihver Formula Phys. Rev. C 47 1225 (1993) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Inelastic Cross Section C12 on C12 Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Models Binary Cascade Light Ion related talk “The Binary Cascade” by H. P. Wellisch QGS Glauber related talk “Parton String Models In GEANT4” by G. Folger Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Binary Cascade ~Model Principals~ ~related talk “The Binary Cascade” by H. P. Wellisch~ In Binary Cascade, each participating nucleon is seen as a Gaussian wave packet, (like QMD) Total wave function is assumed to be direct product of these. (no anti-symmetrization) Participating means that they are either primary particles, or have been generated or scattered in the process of the cascade. This wave form have same structure as the classical Hamilton equations and can be solved numerically. The Hamiltonian is calculated using simple time independent optical potential. (unlike QMD) Collisions between participants are not considered. (unlike QMD) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Binary Cascade ~nuclear model ~ 3 dimensional model of the nucleus is constructed from A and Z. Nucleon distribution follows A>16 Woods-Saxon model Light nuclei harmonic-oscillator shell model Nucleon momenta are sampled from 0 to Fermi momentum and sum of these momenta is set to 0. time-invariant scalar optical potential is used. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Binary Cascade ~Light Ion Reactions~ Two nuclei are prepared according to this model (previous page). The lighter nucleus is selected to be projectile. Nucleons in the projectile are entered with position and momenta into the initial collision state. Until first collision of each nucleon, its Fermi motion is neglected in tracking. Fermi motion and the nuclear field are taken into account in collision probabilities and final states of the collisions. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 290MeV/n C12 on Carbon Iwata et al., Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 290MeV/n C12 on Copper Iwata et al., Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Dual parton or quark gluon string model – hadron hadron scattering- related talk “Parton String Models In GEANT4” by G. Folger In the approach based on the topological expansion, the Pomeranchuk pole is described by graphs of the cylindrical type, while the secondary Reggeons are described by planar graphs The planar case involves annihilation of valence quarks of the colliding hadrons, and a qq-bar string. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga In the cylindrical (Pomeron) case, the colliding hadrons simply exchange one or several gluons, resulting in color coupling between the valence quarks of the hadrons. They are connected by quark gluon strings. Breaking the strings leads to the 　　　　　　　　　　　appearance of white hadrons. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Multiple Pomeron exchange The parameters of the Pomeron trajectory cannot at present be calculated, but are taken from fits to experimental data. (Ter-Martyrosian, Phys.Lett.44B,1973) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Hadron nucleus collisions With respect to hadron hadron collisions, hadron nuclear collisions offer the additional twist of multiple participating target nucleons. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Ion-ion reaction cross-sections. Ion-ion reactions simply add additional primary nucleon lines to the diagrams. The amplitudes calculated can be integrated to obtain reaction cross-sections for ion-ion collisions at high energies From O(5A GeV) to O(10A TeV) Predictions within about experimental errors. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Preliminary results of cross section predictions by QGS-Glauber Difference in Pb comes form mainly EM dissociation effect Preliminary 4.2 GeV/n C ions 156A GeV Pb ions p C P C Pb Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Summary of Cross Section and models for N-N Inelastic Interaction in Geant4 Tripathi & TripathiLightSystem ~10 GeV/A Cross Sections Kox & Shen ~10 GeV/A ~100 MeV/A Sihver Energy 1 GeV 10 GeV 100 MeV Binary Cascade Light Ions 10 GeV/A ~5 GeV/A QGS - Glauber Models QGS-Glauber is not yet included the release Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Other Ion related processes already implemented in Geant4 Ionization Energy Loss which dedicated to Ions Multiple Scattering related talk “GEANT4 "Standard" Electromagnetic Physics Package” By M. Marie EM Dissociation Abrasion-Ablation Model Macroscopic model for nuclear-nuclear interaction related talk “Implementation Of Nuclear-Nuclear Physics In The GEANT4 Radiation Transport Toolkit For Interplanetary Space Missions” By P. Truscott All these processes work together for Ion transportation in Geant4 Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Validations Neutron Production Double Differential Cross Section Angular Distribution Thick Target Neutron Yield Pion Production Fragment Production Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 400MeV/n Ne20 on Carbon Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 600MeV/n Ne20 on Copper Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 560MeV/n Ar40 on Lead Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Quantitative comparison between the measured and calculated cross sections R = (σ calculate - σ measure ) /σ measure Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Distribution of Rs Carbon Beams 209 Overestimate Underestimate Target Materials Iwata et al., Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Distribution of Rs Neon Beams Target Materials Iwata et al., Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Distribution of Rs Argon Beams Target Materials Iwata et al., Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Distribution of Rs for QMD and HIC Calculation (done by original author) Underestimate 100% -100% Overestimate R = 1/σ measure x(σ measure -σcalculate ) QMD HIC Iwata et al., Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001) Iwata et al., Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Pions from 1.05 A GeV/c C on Be, C, Cu and Pb J. Papp, LBL-3633, (1975) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Thick Target Neutron Yield Thick target is a target which can stops incidence heavy ions completely. Not only a reaction model but also other ion related process of Geant4 are tested by this validation. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Neutron Yield Argon 400 MeV/n beams Carbon Thick Target Aluminium Thick Target T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Neutron Yield Argon 400 MeV/n beams Copper Thick Target Lead Thick Target T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Neutron Yield Fe 400 MeV/n beams CarbonThick Target Aluminum Thick Target T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Neutron Yield Fe 400 MeV/n beams Copper Thick Target Lead Thick Target T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Fragment Production F. Flesch et al., J, RM, 34 237 2001 Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Fragment Production F. Flesch et al., J, RM, 34 237 2001 Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga The people involved J. P. Wellisch (CERN) G. Folger (CERN) B. Trieu (CERN) P. Truscott (ESA) I. Corneliu (INFN) Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga Conclusions Now Geant4 has abundant processes for Ion interactions with matter. Without any extra modules, users may simulate ion transportation in the complex and realistic geometries of Geant4 Validation has begun and the first results show reasonable agreement with data. This work continues. Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 290MeV/n C12 on Carbon Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 400MeV/n C12 on Carbon Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 400MeV/n C12 on Copper Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 400MeV/n Ne20 on Copper Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 400MeV/n Ne20 on Lead Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 600MeV/n Ne20 on Carbon Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Validation results Neutrons from 600MeV/n Ne20 on Lead Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Neutron Yield Xe 400 MeV/n beams CarbonThick Target Aluminum Thick Target Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Neutron Yield Xe 400 MeV/n beams CopperThick Target Lead Thick Target Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga

Neutron Yield Si 800 MeV/n beams Carbon Thick Target Copper Thick Target Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga