Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll

CO 2: Carbon Dioxide Air __% N 2 __% O 2.04%CO 2

H 2 O Exits CO 2 Enters Open Stomate Closed Stomate 2 _____ Cells surrounding a pore Transpiration __________________________

How Does Water Get In The Plant? Water enters through the __________ Most water is lost from the plant through the _________ To reduce water loss leaves are covered with a waxy cuticle (plant “chapstick”)

CO 2 Enters The Leaf is Covered with a Waxy Cuticle: “Plant Chapstick ” H 2 O Exits If water cannot get out of the leaf through the waxy cuticle what cannot get into the leaf for P/S? Mesophyll cell or photosynthetic cell: Note the chloroplasts

Transpiration The ________ loss by a plant, primarily through stomata Degree of Stomatal Opening ClosedPartially Fully Open Transpiration Rate

Photosynthesis and Transpiration High Rates of P/S are associated with high transpiration rates Degree of Stomatal Opening ClosedPartially Fully Open Rate of P/S

An Open Stomate Guard cells Pore

Chlorophyll: The Primary P/S Pigment Pigments absorb light energy The color you see is the color that is reflected Whiteversus Black Why is chlorophyll green?_____________ Would you expect green light to be an effective color of light for P/S?

Accessory Pigments Absorb colors of light that? Example: ___________

__________ Pigments

Stroma Photosynthesis is a two step process: The light reactions The dark rxns or the Calvin cycle

Photosynthesis is a Two Step Process 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 The Light Reactions: Light Dependant Photochemical ___________________________ The Light Independent or Dark Reactions _______________ Dependant Use the chemical energy created in the light reactions to convert CO 2 to glucose The Dark Reactions The Light Reactions

The Light and Dark Reactions The Light Reactions occur on the ______ The Dark Reactions take place in the ________

The Light Reactions are Light Dependent Light Intensity Rate of P/S Light Saturation Low Med High Can you think of a habitat or ecosystem where P/S might be limited?

The Dark Reactions are Temperature Dependent Temperature Rate of P/S Low Med High Extreme What is beginning to happen here? Can you think of a habitat or ecosystem where P/S might be limited?

ATP: The __________ Molecule Energy from the sun is used to make ATP ATP is cellular gasoline. ATP is made in the light reactions

The Light Reactions Photochemical: Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of two high potential energy molecules. H 2 O½ O 2 ATP NADPH

The Light Reactions The Two High Potential Energy Molecules Produced are: __________ The Electron Source is?__________ When water gives up electrons what waste product is produced?

______ Photosynthesis: The Normal Pathway

_______ Photosynthesis: Kranz Anatomy

__________ Anatomy Note that the chloroplasts are in the center of the leaf

CAM Photosynthesis: Cacti and Other Succulents Stomata closed ___________________ Take in CO 2 at ________ and convert it into a 4C acid The 4C acid is a storage form of CO 2 During the day, when the stomata are closed, the 4C acid releases CO 2 to the Calvin-Benson Cycle (dark reaction) What is the advantage of having the stomata open at night and closed during the day?

Pancake Cactus – A ____Succulent Green Stem ____ P/s

Oxidation Release of Energy (Burning Wood) Loss of ? Loss of a hydrogen NADH 2 (NADH) NAD + 2e - + E High P.E. Low P.E.

Reduction Requires Energy Gain of an electron Gain of a hydrogen NAD + 2e - + E NADH 2 (NADH) ½ O 2 + 2e - H 2 O Low P.E. High P.E.

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate ATP ADP + P + E High P.E. Low P.E. Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate ADP + P + E ATP.

Eat Breathe Exhale The Equation Where does this take place in the cell?

I.Gycolysis 6 C – Glucose 2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 3C – Pyruvic Acid III. Citric Acid Cycle 6 C – Citric Acid 2 C – Acetyl-CoA 4 C – Oxaloacetic Acid 2 CO 2 1 ATP 2 ATP 3 NADH 2 1 FADH 2 1 CO 2 2 NADH 2 1 NADH 2 II. Transition Reaction One turn per pyruvic acid thus 2 turns per glucose (2 CO 2 per glucose) (2 NADH 2 per glucose) Cytoplasm Mitochondria NADH 2 1 ATP 1 FADH 2 1 ATP IV. Electron Transport Chain Cristae of Mitochondria 2e - ½ O 2 H 2 O (4 CO 2 per glucose) (2 ATP per Glucose) (2 FADH 2 per glucose) (6 NADH 2 per glucose) Aerobic – What is the final electron acceptor? Anaerobic

The Oxygen Limited Pathway Humans: Lactic Acid Production I.Gycolysis 6 C – Glucose 2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 2 Lactic Acid 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 4e - 2 C 3 H 4 O 3 2 C 3 H 6 O 3 Sore Muscles

The Oxygen Limited Pathway Yeast: Alcoholic Fermentation I.Gycolysis 6 C – Glucose 2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 2 (2C)Ethyl Alcohol + 2 CO 2 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 4e - 2 C 3 H 4 O 3