How Photosynthesis Works
Base Race Photosynthesis Light Reaction Chlorophyll Calvin Cycle Thylakoid membrane Light Energy H+ ions Chemical Energy Electron Transport Chain Light Reaction Calvin Cycle Chloroplast Stroma NADPH Electrons ATP
Chemical formula for photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 chlorophyll Carbon dioxide enzymes Water Energy Carbohydrate (glucose) Oxygen
Three stages of Photosynthesis Energy is captured from sunlight 2. Light energy is converted to ATP and NADPH (chemical energy) 3. ATP and NADPH provide energy for the synthesis or organic compounds (glucose)
Chloroplast Structure Thylakoid: houses pigments Grana: stacks of thylakoids Stroma: liquid between grana Grana
Stage 1– Energy captured from sunlight It is the pigments in the thylakoids that absorb the light energy from the sun Two common pigments include: Chlorophyll reflects green light Carotenoids reflect yellow and orange light Q: Why are broccoli green and carrots orange? A: Broccoli uses chlorophyll and carrots use carontenoids
Stage 2—Light Energy Chemical Energy “Light Reactions” These reactions take place in the thylakoids. Q: What do the thylakoids house that make them good candidates for the light reactions of photosynthesis? A: Pigments that absorb light energy like chlorophyll
Energy from the sun is absorbed and electrons are excited 2. Water is split into hydrogen and oxygen The oxygen is released 3. Electrons move through the “electron transport chain” ATP and NADPH are released
Stage Three– Chemical Energy Organic Compounds “Calvin Cycle” or dark reactions, light independent reactions Take place in the stroma of the chloroplast.
Carbon Fixation takes place Carbon from carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates (glucose) 2. Requires ATP and NADPH from light reactions
References http://www.cix.co.uk/~argus/Dreambio/photosynthesis/photosynthesis%201.htm http://staff.jccc.net/pdecell/photosyn/chlorpla.html http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101 /Bio%20101%20Lectures/Photosynthesis/photosyn.htm